Linked from

The 16 pages that link to Pope Gregory IX, each with the reason it gives.

• CanonizationRelated: His pontificate helped consolidate canonization as a formal papal process.

• Frederick II, Holy Roman EmperorRelated: His excommunications and political campaigns turned the emperor’s delays and Italian policies into a prolonged papal conflict.

• InquisitionRelated: His measures helped establish permanent papal inquisitorial tribunals.

• Francis of AssisiRelated: As Francis’s former protector, Gregory formalized his veneration soon after his death.

• Livonian OrderRelated: He approved the incorporation that created the Livonian branch in 1237.

• Ferdinand III of CastileRelated: Papal backing gave Ferdinand’s campaigns religious and political support.

• Lithuanian CrusadeRelated: His papacy issued calls for crusade against the pagan Lithuanians.

• Livonian Brothers of the SwordRelated: His papacy oversaw the order’s incorporation into the Teutonic Order.

• Prussian CrusadeRelated: His papacy gave the campaign religious sanction and protection.

• Seventh CrusadeRelated: His papacy framed the political and religious conditions surrounding Louis’s vow.

• Sixth CrusadeRelated: He excommunicated Frederick after the emperor’s first departure ended in a return to Italy.

• Clare of AssisiRelated: He negotiated with Clare over the community’s commitment to absolute poverty.

• Hermann von SalzaRelated: His papacy confirmed privileges that strengthened the order during Hermann’s leadership.

• Anthony of PaduaRelated: He canonized Anthony in 1232, less than a year after Anthony's death.

• Barons' CrusadeRelated: His calls for crusade helped shape the expedition's papal and political setting.

• Dominic de GuzmánRelated: He formally recognized Dominic as a saint less than fifteen years after his death.