Linked from

The 30 pages that link to Pope Pius IX, each with the reason it gives.

• Papal StatesRelated: His refusal to accept annexation made the territorial loss a lasting political dispute.

• RisorgimentoRelated: His resistance to losing papal territory complicated the movement’s final territorial aims.

• Papal infallibilityRelated: His pontificate brought the question of papal authority to the council's agenda.

• First Vatican CouncilRelated: He called the council and guided its agenda amid challenges to papal authority.

• Italian nationalismRelated: The loss of papal territory made the national cause a direct conflict with the Church’s temporal power.

• Immaculate ConceptionRelated: He formally proclaimed the doctrine in Ineffabilis Deus.

• Roman QuestionRelated: His refusal to accept the Law of Guarantees kept the dispute active.

• Victor Emmanuel IIRelated: His opposition to losing Rome made the end of papal temporal rule a lasting conflict of Victor Emmanuel’s reign.

• Capture of RomeRelated: He ordered Rome’s defenders to resist briefly, then capitulate.

• Pope Leo XIIIRelated: Leo XIII succeeded Pius IX and inherited the unresolved conflict over the papacy’s temporal power.

• KulturkampfRelated: His defense of papal authority shaped the conflict’s religious and political stakes.

• First Italian War of IndependenceRelated: His withdrawal of papal troops weakened the coalition confronting Austria.

• UltramontanismRelated: His long pontificate made him the leading papal figure associated with ultramontane ascendancy.

• Roman Republic (1849)Related: His departure opened the political crisis that led to the republic.

• Unification of ItalyRelated: His loss of Rome to the Italian kingdom made the territorial settlement a conflict with the papacy.

• Charles Albert of SardiniaRelated: His changing stance toward the war weakened the nationalist coalition Charles Albert relied on.

• Maximilian I of MexicoRelated: Maximilian’s church policies disappointed Catholic leaders, including the pope.

• Cecilian MovementRelated: His 1870 approval of the German association strengthened the movement's institutional standing.

• Gabriel García MorenoRelated: García Moreno modeled Ecuador’s Catholic public order on the papacy’s resistance to secular liberalism.

• Pope Gregory XVIRelated: His successor initially pursued reforms before facing the same conflict over papal sovereignty.

• Pope Leo XIIRelated: His later pontificate faced political upheavals that Leo XII's policies had resisted.

• Pope Pius VIIIRelated: His later, much longer reign faced intensified Italian nationalism and political change.

• Prisoner in the VaticanRelated: He first adopted the prisoner claim and rejected the legitimacy of Italy’s seizure of Rome.

• Sanctuary of Our Lady of LourdesRelated: His definition preceded the apparitions and shaped their religious interpretation.

• Alphonsus LiguoriRelated: Pius IX gave Liguori’s theological teaching the Church’s title of Doctor.

• Mary MacKillopRelated: MacKillop’s congregation received papal approval during his pontificate.

• Pope Honorius IRelated: His council’s formulation prompted renewed examination of historical cases such as Honorius.