Progestin

A synthetic compound that produces some or all of progesterone’s effects. Progestins are used in hormonal contraception and in treatments for conditions such as endometriosis and menopausal symptoms.

Progesterone receptor: A nuclear hormone receptor that binds progesterone and regulates gene expression. Progestins produce many of their effects by binding to and activating this receptor.
Progestin-only pill: An oral contraceptive containing a progestin without an estrogen. It uses progestin alone to prevent pregnancy, with effects that depend on the formulation.
Progesterone: A steroid hormone produced mainly by the ovaries and placenta that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. It is the natural hormone whose effects progestins are designed to reproduce.
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestin used in contraceptives and other hormonal treatments. Its androgenic activity and available formulations illustrate one profile within the class.
Progestational activity: The capacity of a substance to produce biological effects associated with progesterone. This activity is the defining pharmacological feature shared by progestins.
Combined oral contraceptive pill: An oral contraceptive combining an estrogen with a progestin. Its progestin component helps suppress ovulation and stabilize the uterine lining.
Steroid hormone: A hormone derived from cholesterol that can cross cell membranes and regulate gene expression. Most progestins are steroid molecules built to engage hormone-receptor pathways.
Drospirenone: A synthetic progestin with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic properties. Its additional receptor actions distinguish it from many other progestins.
Endometrium: The inner lining of the uterus, which changes through the menstrual cycle and supports implantation. Progestins alter its growth and stability, helping prevent pregnancy and control bleeding.
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: An intrauterine device that releases levonorgestrel locally over an extended period. It demonstrates how a progestin can provide long-term contraception with strong effects in the uterus.

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