Linked from

The 46 pages that link to Ptolemaic system, each with the reason it gives.

• Galileo GalileiCompared with: It was the established cosmology Galileo's telescopic evidence put under pressure.

• PtolemyBroader topic: It is the complete cosmological framework associated with Ptolemy’s astronomical work.

• Johannes KeplerCompared with: Its circular, Earth-centered framework contrasts with Kepler’s Sun-centered ellipses.

• Tycho BraheCompared with: Brahe’s system differed by placing the other planets around the Sun rather than directly around Earth.

• AlmagestBroader topic: It is the complete cosmological model developed through the treatise’s mathematical chapters.

• Nicolaus CopernicusNarrower topic: It was the dominant mathematical framework that Copernicus sought to reform.

• AstronomyCompared with: Its long dominance makes the later shift to heliocentrism a defining historical contrast.

• Galileo affairCompared with: It was the established alternative against which Copernican astronomy was argued.

• HeliocentrismCompared with: Its stationary Earth and planetary circles formed the principal rival to heliocentric astronomy.

• Copernican heliocentrismCompared with: Copernicus reorganized planetary motions around the Sun rather than Earth.

• BrahmaguptaCompared with: It offers a major non-Indian comparison for the mathematical astronomy Brahmagupta practiced.

• Eudoxus of CnidusCompared with: It replaced nested rotating spheres with a different geometric apparatus for predicting planetary positions.

• Aristotelian cosmologyCompared with: It shares Earth-centeredness but treats planetary motions through a different mathematical scheme.

• Retrograde motionRelated: Its epicycles reproduced the observed backward sections of planetary paths.

• GeocentrismBroader topic: Its nested circles made geocentrism a predictive mathematical system.

• InstrumentalismBroader topic: Its mathematical machinery became a prominent case in debates over whether models describe or merely save appearances.

• Claudius PtolemyBroader topic: It developed and transmitted the system beyond the original text.

• EquantNarrower topic: The equant is one geometric device within this larger planetary model.

• Al-BiruniRelated: Al-Biruni examined the mathematical astronomy inherited from Ptolemy and his commentators.

• Copernican RevolutionCompared with: It was the dominant mathematical framework Copernicus set out to reform.

• Deferent and epicycleNarrower topic: The deferent and epicycle form the system’s basic machinery for modeling planets.

• History of astronomyBroader topic: Ptolemy's model became a durable framework for predicting planetary positions across several cultures.

• Tychonic systemCompared with: Unlike the Tychonic system, it places the Sun and every planet in orbit around Earth.

• Uniform circular motionBroader topic: Its geometric devices preserved uniform circular motions while matching observed planetary paths.

• De revolutionibus orbium coelestiumCompared with: Copernicus restructured planetary order while retaining many mathematical devices from this system.

• HypatiaRelated: Hypatia taught astronomy in the tradition associated with Ptolemy’s mathematical works.

• Nasir al-Din al-TusiNarrower topic: Al-Tusi worked within this tradition while criticizing problems in its mathematical models.

• Aristarchus of SamosCompared with: Its long dominance contrasts with the limited ancient reception of Aristarchus’s heliocentrism.

• QuadriviumRelated: It provided a mathematical framework for the quadrivium’s study of planetary motion.

• Ulugh BegRelated: Its mathematical framework remained influential in the astronomy studied at Samarkand.

• Indian astronomyCompared with: It offers a distinct framework for comparing Indian planetary models and computational choices.

• Lunar theoryRelated: Ptolemy’s lunar model was a major early geometric account of the Moon’s changing motion.

• Celestial spheresRelated: Ptolemy’s mathematical system described motions that sphere-based cosmologies sought to embody.

• Copernican systemCompared with: It was the established framework Copernicus reorganized around a moving Earth and a central Sun.

• Theon of AlexandriaRelated: Theon explained astronomical works rooted in this framework.

• Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World SystemsBroader topic: It supplies the established planetary scheme defended by Simplicio.

• Kepler's second lawCompared with: Kepler's physical account of changing orbital speed departed from this system's geometric constructions.

• Orbit of the MoonRelated: Its lunar model predicted changing distance imperfectly and implied implausible apparent size changes.

• Cosmas IndicopleustesCompared with: Its spherical Earth and mathematical astronomy differ sharply from Cosmas’s scripturally grounded model.

• Kepler's first lawCompared with: Its complex circular constructions contrast with Kepler’s simple elliptical paths.

• Tusi coupleNarrower topic: The couple addressed mathematical difficulties within a tradition built around combinations of circular motion.

• Banū Mūsā brothersRelated: The brothers studied and criticized astronomical models inherited from Greek sources.

• Formation and evolution of the Solar SystemCompared with: Its fixed Earth-centered architecture contrasts with the dynamical, Sun-centered history described by modern models.

• Science in the ancient worldBroader topic: Its mathematical tables and planetary model shaped astronomy across multiple regions for centuries.

• Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'rufRelated: Taqi ad-Din's calculations and tables belonged to traditions that continued to use geocentric models.

• Timeline of cosmological theoriesBroader topic: It formalized Earth-centered cosmology and remained dominant for centuries.