Rabbinic literature

Rabbinic literature is the body of Jewish writings produced by rabbis, including works of law, biblical interpretation, theology, and narrative. Its central texts preserve debates and interpretations associated with the rabbinic tradition.

Mishnah: A compilation of Jewish legal teachings edited in Hebrew around the beginning of the third century. It is the earliest major compilation at the center of rabbinic study.
Jerusalem Talmud: A rabbinic compilation of Mishnah and Gemara produced in the Land of Israel. It is one of the two principal Talmudic compilations.
Oral Torah: In Jewish tradition, teachings and interpretations transmitted alongside the written Torah. Rabbinic writings present themselves as preserving and developing this transmitted teaching.
Second Temple Judaism: The diverse forms of Jewish religion and society during the Second Temple period, roughly 516 BCE to 70 CE. Rabbinic literature emerged from Jewish traditions transformed by the Temple's destruction.
Maimonides: A medieval Jewish philosopher and legal scholar who wrote the Mishneh Torah and Guide for the Perplexed. His legal code reorganized rabbinic law into a systematic work.
Tosefta: A collection of early rabbinic teachings, many parallel to material in the Mishnah. Its parallel traditions preserve legal material omitted from the Mishnah.
Babylonian Talmud: A compilation of Mishnah and Gemara developed in Jewish communities of Babylonia. Its extensive discussion became the most influential Talmudic corpus.
Tannaim: The rabbis whose teachings are associated with the Mishnah and other early compilations. Their attributed teachings form much of the earliest rabbinic textual layer.
Destruction of the Second Temple: The Roman destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE. The loss of the Temple changed the institutions and concerns reflected in rabbinic texts.
Shulchan Aruch: A sixteenth-century code of Jewish law compiled by Joseph Karo. It demonstrates how later authorities distilled rulings from rabbinic legal traditions.

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