Sangha

Sangha is the Buddhist community, especially the community of ordained monks and nuns. It is one of the Three Jewels in which Buddhists take refuge.

Three Jewels: The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha, regarded as Buddhism’s three objects of refuge. Sangha is one of the three refuges that define this foundational Buddhist grouping.
Pāṭimokkha: A recitation of monastic rules observed by ordained Buddhists at regular communal gatherings. Its recitation makes shared discipline an ongoing communal practice.
Bhikkhu: A fully ordained Buddhist monk, especially in Theravāda traditions. Bhikkhus are one of the ordained groups that make up the monastic Sangha.
Buddhist monasticism: The institution and practice of renunciant life in Buddhist traditions. The Sangha is the community formed through Buddhist monastic life.
Thai Forest Tradition: A Thai Theravāda monastic movement emphasizing meditation, austerity, and forest residence. It exemplifies a modern monastic community organized around forest practice.
Buddhism: A family of religious and philosophical traditions based on the teachings attributed to the Buddha. The Sangha is a central institution within Buddhist traditions.
Uposatha: A Buddhist observance day associated with lunar phases, religious practice, and monastic rule recitation. The ordained community gathers on observance days to renew its discipline.
Bhikkhunī: A fully ordained Buddhist nun, recognized in traditions that maintain the bhikkhunī ordination lineage. Bhikkhunīs are ordained members of the Sangha whose status differs across Buddhist traditions.
Buddhist economics: Economic practices and ideas associated with Buddhist communities and teachings. The exchange of alms and teaching links monastic livelihood to lay economies.
Tibetan Buddhist monasticism: The institutions and practices of ordained life in Tibetan Buddhist traditions. Tibetan monasteries illustrate distinctive forms of education and communal authority.

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