Sextus Pompey

Sextus Pompey was a Roman commander and political leader who resisted the Second Triumvirate after Julius Caesar’s assassination. He controlled Sicily and used its fleet to disrupt Rome’s grain supply before his defeat in 36 BCE.

Sicilian revolt: A conflict in which Sextus Pompey held Sicily against the Second Triumvirate from 43 to 36 BCE. The revolt was the central campaign through which Sextus challenged the triumvirs.
Pompey the Great: A Roman general and statesman whose military career made him one of the Republic’s most powerful figures. Sextus inherited his name, political following, and conflict with Caesar from his father.
Octavian: The Roman leader later known as Augustus, who defeated Sextus Pompey and became Rome’s first emperor. Octavian treated Sextus as a military threat and eventually secured his defeat.
Gaius Cassius Longinus: A Roman senator and military leader who helped organize the assassination of Julius Caesar. Cassius opposed Caesar through assassination and eastern armies, unlike Sextus’s maritime resistance.
Treaty of Misenum: A 39 BCE agreement between Sextus Pompey and the triumvirs that recognized his control of Sicily and other territories temporarily. The treaty briefly converted Sextus’s military leverage into formal political concessions.
Roman grain supply: The system that brought grain from provinces to feed Rome’s urban population. Sextus threatened Rome with shortages by interrupting grain shipments from Sicily.
Julia (daughter of Julius Caesar): The daughter of Julius Caesar who married Pompey the Great and helped bind their political alliance. Her marriage connected the families from which Sextus and his political opponents descended.
Mark Antony: A Roman general and politician who became one of the three rulers of the Second Triumvirate. Antony shared the triumvirs’ conflict with Sextus and negotiated with him at Misenum.
Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus: A Roman general and senator who participated in Caesar’s assassination and later fought Mark Antony. Decimus pursued a senatorial military coalition rather than Sextus’s Sicilian base.
Treaty of Tarentum: A 37 BCE agreement renewing the Second Triumvirate between Octavian and Mark Antony. The renewed alliance helped Octavian and Antony coordinate against Sextus.

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