Siege of Vienna (1683)

The Ottoman Empire’s failed siege of Vienna from July to September 1683 ended when a relief army led by John III Sobieski defeated the besiegers.

Battle of Vienna: The decisive battle on 12 September 1683 in which a relief army defeated Ottoman forces outside Vienna. The battle broke the encirclement and ended the siege.
John III Sobieski: King of Poland from 1674 to 1696 and commander of the allied relief force at Vienna in 1683. He led the relief army and its decisive cavalry attack.
Ottoman–Habsburg wars: A series of conflicts between the Ottoman and Habsburg empires over territory and influence in central Europe and the Balkans. The siege was a major episode in this long rivalry.
Treaty of Karlowitz: The 1699 peace agreement that ended the Great Turkish War and transferred extensive territory from the Ottoman Empire to its adversaries. It formalized territorial losses that followed the Ottoman defeat at Vienna.
Vienna city walls: The defensive walls and bastions that protected Vienna before their removal in the nineteenth century. Their bastions and defenders helped Vienna withstand Ottoman assaults.
Kara Mustafa Pasha: Ottoman grand vizier who commanded the 1683 campaign against Vienna. He directed the siege and withdrew after the defeat.
Great Turkish War: The 1683–1699 conflict in which a European coalition fought the Ottoman Empire across central and southeastern Europe. Vienna’s relief began the wider war that followed.
Holy League (1684): A coalition of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice, and later Russia against the Ottoman Empire. The coalition extended the military response begun with Vienna’s relief.
Ottoman siege warfare: The Ottoman Empire’s methods for besieging fortified places, including artillery, trenches, mining, and assault. These methods shaped the assault on Vienna’s defenses.
Charles V, Duke of Lorraine: A Habsburg commander who led imperial forces in the wars against the Ottoman Empire. He helped organize the defense and commanded troops in the relief campaign.

Linked from 12 pages