Strict liability

Strict liability in anti-doping makes athletes responsible for prohibited substances detected in their samples, regardless of intent, fault, or knowledge.

World Anti-Doping Code: The global framework harmonizing anti-doping rules across sports and countries. Its anti-doping rule violations apply strict liability to prohibited substances in athletes’ samples.
Anti-Doping Rule Violation: A breach of an anti-doping rule defined by the applicable sport rules or anti-doping code. Strict liability concerns proof of particular violations, not every anti-doping charge.
Fault-Based Liability: Liability that depends on proving a person’s blameworthy conduct, such as negligence or intent. Unlike strict liability, it makes fault part of establishing responsibility.
Ineligibility: A period during which an athlete is barred from participating in competitions or other sporting activities. It is a central consequence of an established anti-doping rule violation.
Presence of a Prohibited Substance: An anti-doping rule violation based on detecting a prohibited substance or its markers in an athlete’s sample. This is the violation most directly governed by strict liability.
Prohibited List: The annually updated list of substances and methods banned in sport under the World Anti-Doping Code. Strict liability applies only when a substance or its markers fall under the relevant rules.
Negligence: Failure to exercise the care that a reasonable person would exercise in similar circumstances. Negligence is not required to establish a presence violation, but may matter to sanction decisions.
Disqualification in Sport: Removal of an athlete’s results or placing under the rules of a competition or sport. A violation can invalidate results independently of whether the athlete intended to dope.
Doping Control: The process of selecting athletes, collecting samples, and testing them for anti-doping rule violations. Sample collection and analysis provide the evidence that triggers strict liability.
Therapeutic Use Exemption: Authorization allowing an athlete to use a prohibited substance or method for a documented medical need. A valid exemption can permit use that would otherwise raise a strict-liability issue.

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