Tokugawa shogunate

The military government that ruled Japan under the Tokugawa family from 1603 to 1868. It combined rule by the shogun with regional domains governed by daimyo.

Sankin-kōtai: A system requiring daimyo to alternate residence between their domains and Edo, with their families generally remaining there. It made regional lords spend heavily in Edo and tied their households to the shogun.
Sengoku period: A period of Japanese history marked by widespread warfare and competing regional powers, chiefly from the mid-15th to late 16th century. The shogunate’s founders rose amid the conflicts that preceded national unification.
Tokugawa Hidetada: The second Tokugawa shogun, who helped secure the succession and consolidate the new regime. His rule made the transfer of power from Ieyasu to his heirs durable.
Meiji Restoration: The political transformation beginning in 1868 that ended Tokugawa rule and restored imperial government in Japan. It formally replaced the shogunate and began a rapid restructuring of the state.
Ashikaga shogunate: The Japanese military government ruled by the Ashikaga family from 1336 to 1573. Its weaker central authority contrasts with the Tokugawa shogunate’s more durable control over daimyo.
Daimyo: Powerful Japanese feudal lords who governed domains and held land under the shogunate. Their domains retained local administration while remaining subordinate to Tokugawa rule.
Battle of Sekigahara: The 1600 battle in which Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated a coalition of rival lords, securing his path to dominance. Its outcome enabled Ieyasu to establish a new military government three years later.
Tokugawa Yoshimune: The eighth Tokugawa shogun, known for fiscal and administrative reforms in the early 18th century. His Kyōhō reforms show how the shogunate responded to financial strain.
Boshin War: The 1868–1869 civil war between forces supporting the Tokugawa shogunate and those supporting imperial rule. It settled the armed conflict that followed the shogun’s resignation.
Kamakura shogunate: The first Japanese military government, established by Minamoto no Yoritomo in the late 12th century. It provides an earlier model of rule by a shogun, distinct in its political structure and period.

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