Linked from

The 16 pages that link to Treaty of Tianjin, each with the reason it gives.

• Convention of PekingRelated: Its unratified provisions became part of the dispute resolved at Peking.

• Opium WarsBroader topic: Its provisions widened diplomatic access and trade, though Qing resistance delayed implementation.

• Self-Strengthening MovementRelated: The concessions underscored Qing vulnerability and the cost of resisting foreign powers.

• Unequal treatiesBroader topic: It added diplomatic access, more treaty ports, and other privileges to the treaty system.

• Second Opium WarBroader topic: These agreements formalized demands made during the first phase of the war.

• Treaty of NankingRelated: Its broader provisions show how later settlements expanded beyond Nanking's limited port openings.

• Treaty portsBroader topic: It provided for additional ports and foreign travel and residence rights.

• WuhanRelated: Hankou became a treaty port after the treaties, expanding Wuhan’s foreign trade.

• Li HongzhangBroader topic: Li later negotiated settlements within the unequal treaty system these agreements helped establish.

• Prince GongRelated: Their enforcement confronted the court with the diplomatic crisis Prince Gong had to manage.

• Xianfeng EmperorRelated: Xianfeng rejected ratification, helping trigger the war’s final campaign.

• John BowringRelated: The treaty followed the conflict that began during Bowring’s governorship.

• YantaiRelated: Its provisions led to Yantai’s opening as a treaty port in 1861.

• ShantouRelated: Its provisions led to Shantou’s opening as a treaty port.

• JiujiangRelated: The treaty required Jiujiang to open as a foreign treaty port.

• YingkouRelated: The treaties opened Niuzhuang to foreign commerce, a change that redirected trade through Yingkou.