Treaty of Zuhab

The 1639 agreement between the Ottoman and Safavid empires that ended a renewed war and established a frontier that largely endured into modern times.

Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–1639): A war between the Ottoman and Safavid empires, fought from 1623 to 1639 over Iraq, the Caucasus, and their frontier. Its final campaign and stalemate created the conditions for the agreement.
Baghdad: A city on the Tigris that served as the capital of several empires and a major center of Iraq. Its Ottoman capture in 1638 helped anchor the territorial settlement.
Iran–Iraq border: The international boundary separating Iran and Iraq, stretching from Turkey to the Persian Gulf. Much of its course descends from the Ottoman–Safavid frontier settled in 1639.
Iraq: A country in western Asia, centered on the Tigris and Euphrates river basins. The treaty’s confirmation of Ottoman rule over Baghdad helped shape Iraq’s later territorial history.
Abbas I of Persia: The Safavid ruler from 1588 to 1629 who strengthened his state and recovered territory from the Ottomans. His death removed the ruler whose conquests and policies shaped the conflict’s starting position.
Zagros Mountains: A mountain range running through western Iran and northeastern Iraq. The frontier’s geography followed mountain corridors and passes across this region.
Ottoman Empire: A state centered in Anatolia that controlled territories across southeastern Europe, western Asia, and North Africa from the late thirteenth century to 1922. The treaty preserved Ottoman control of Baghdad and much of Iraq.
Iran: A country in western Asia, historically known in English as Persia until 1935. The treaty established a western frontier that remained significant for Iranian statehood.
Murad IV: The Ottoman sultan from 1623 to 1640 who recaptured Baghdad and pursued the war’s conclusion. His 1638 capture of Baghdad gave the Ottomans leverage in the negotiations.
Ottoman–Persian border: The boundary separating Ottoman and Iranian territories, repeatedly contested and negotiated over several centuries. The treaty fixed much of the boundary’s enduring course.

Linked from 8 pages