Vibrato

Vibrato is a periodic variation in pitch around a central note, produced by singers and instrumentalists to shape musical tone.

Pitch (music): Pitch is the perceived highness or lowness of a musical sound. Vibrato varies perceived pitch around a central note.
Violin: The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in fifths. Its sustained notes make left-hand vibrato a prominent expressive technique.
Tremolo: Tremolo is a rapid variation in sound amplitude or, in some uses, repeated notes. Unlike vibrato, amplitude tremolo changes loudness rather than pitch.
Baroque music: Baroque music is European art music composed roughly from 1600 to 1750. Historical performance practice often treats vibrato as selective ornament rather than a constant tone.
Frequency modulation: Frequency modulation varies a signal’s frequency over time. Vibrato can be modeled as periodic modulation of a sound’s fundamental frequency.
Cello: The cello is a bowed string instrument with a low register, played upright between the knees. Cellists use vibrato to color sustained notes across a broad range.
Trill: A trill is a rapid alternation between two adjacent musical pitches. A trill switches between discrete notes; vibrato oscillates around one note.
Romantic music: Romantic music is a nineteenth-century tradition emphasizing expressive individuality and expanded musical form. Its performance culture helped establish continuous vibrato as a valued instrumental sound.
Vocal folds: Vocal folds are tissue folds in the larynx that vibrate to produce voiced sound. Singers create vibrato through coordinated changes in vocal-fold tension and airflow.
Vocal music: Vocal music is music performed by one or more singers, with or without accompaniment. Vibrato is shaped by vocal technique and stylistic conventions.

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