Linked from

The 105 pages that link to X-ray crystallography, each with the reason it gives.

• Crystal structureRelated: It uses diffraction intensities to infer the positions of atoms in a repeating structure.

• Molecular geometryRelated: It can provide precise three-dimensional coordinates for atoms in crystalline molecules.

• Crystal latticeRelated: Diffraction data reveal the periodic arrangement represented by a crystal lattice.

• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyCompared with: It can provide high-resolution structures, but generally requires crystals unlike solution NMR.

• DiffractionRelated: Crystal diffraction patterns reveal atomic arrangements through their spacing and intensities.

• Synchrotron radiationRelated: Bright synchrotron X-rays reveal structures from small or weakly diffracting crystals.

• Protein foldingRelated: It has resolved many protein structures used to study folding and function.

• Crystal systemRelated: Diffraction symmetry and cell dimensions help identify a crystal system.

• X-ray diffractionBroader topic: It uses diffraction data to reconstruct detailed three-dimensional structures.

• Fourier analysisRelated: Fourier synthesis converts measured diffraction intensities into electron-density maps.

• Bragg's lawNarrower topic: It uses Bragg conditions to relate measured diffraction angles to crystal spacings.

• Protein structureRelated: It has provided many high-resolution protein structures from ordered crystals.

• Avogadro constantRelated: Crystal measurements became a route to highly accurate particle-count determinations.

• X-rayRelated: Early diffraction experiments established that X-rays behave as waves with very short wavelengths.

• Rosalind FranklinNarrower topic: It was Franklin’s principal tool for measuring DNA, coal, and virus structures.

• ScatteringRelated: Coherent scattering from crystal planes makes atomic arrangements measurable.

• MineralogyRelated: Its adoption made mineral structures directly measurable at atomic scales.

• Unit cellRelated: Diffraction patterns reveal unit-cell dimensions and the arrangement of its contents.

• Linus PaulingRelated: Pauling used diffraction evidence to infer structures of minerals, proteins, and other molecules.

• CrystallographyBroader topic: It is the best-known route from a crystal's diffraction pattern to its atomic structure.

• Orthorhombic crystal systemRelated: Diffraction patterns reveal lattice dimensions and symmetry used to assign the orthorhombic system.

• Cavendish LaboratoryRelated: Cavendish researchers used the method to reveal structures including that of DNA.

• BiochemistryRelated: It enabled direct structural studies of proteins and other biological molecules.

• CyclooxygenaseRelated: Structural studies using this method revealed cyclooxygenase architecture and inhibitor-binding sites.

• Reciprocal latticeRelated: Measured diffraction spots map reciprocal-lattice points and their intensities.

• Monoclinic crystal systemRelated: Diffraction measurements reveal the unit-cell parameters used to assign monoclinic symmetry.

• James WatsonRelated: Diffraction patterns supplied structural constraints for the DNA model.

• AtomRelated: Diffraction patterns reveal the positions of atoms in crystalline materials.

• Atomic theoryRelated: It reveals how atoms are positioned in crystalline materials.

• Rock salt structureRelated: Diffraction measurements can establish the cubic arrangement and ion positions.

• Space groupRelated: Diffraction patterns reveal symmetry restrictions imposed by a crystal's space group.

• William Henry BraggNarrower topic: This is the structural method William Henry Bragg and his son helped establish.

• Bond angleRelated: It can provide experimentally determined bond angles in crystalline substances.

• Cryo-electron microscopyCompared with: Unlike crystallography, many cryo-EM workflows do not require a crystal.

• Cubic crystal systemRelated: Diffraction patterns reveal cubic unit-cell dimensions and symmetry.

• Condensed matter physicsRelated: Diffraction measurements reveal atomic arrangements that govern material properties.

• Max PerutzNarrower topic: Perutz adapted this method to extract structural information from hemoglobin crystals.

• Molecular structureRelated: It can reveal precise atomic positions in crystalline molecular solids.

• Protein crystallographyNarrower topic: Protein crystallography most often uses this broader diffraction method.

• Structural biologyRelated: It established atomic-resolution structure determination for many proteins and other biomolecules.

• Fraunhofer diffractionRelated: Its recorded diffraction patterns are far-field intensity distributions linked to crystal structure.

• Miller indicesRelated: Miller indices label the plane families responsible for diffraction reflections.

• Stanford Linear Accelerator CenterRelated: SLAC’s bright X-ray sources extend structural studies to tiny samples and rapid processes.

• SynchrotronRelated: Bright synchrotron X-rays enable detailed structural measurements on small or complex samples.

• Bond lengthRelated: It provides structural distances from which solid-state bond lengths are obtained.

• Lattice parameterRelated: Diffraction measurements can be used to refine the unit-cell dimensions and angles.

• Liquid crystalCompared with: It probes crystalline positional order, while liquid crystals retain only partial forms of order.

• Peter DebyeRelated: Debye helped establish how X-ray scattering reveals the arrangement of atoms in solids.

• Small-angle X-ray scatteringCompared with: Crystallography resolves periodic atomic order, while SAXS can examine disordered samples in solution.

• Van der Waals radiusRelated: Diffraction-derived structures supply many distances used to infer atomic radii.