Linked from

The 42 pages that link to Xiongnu, each with the reason it gives.

• Sima QianRelated: Conflict with the Xiongnu frames the military episode that precipitated Sima Qian’s ordeal.

• Records of the Grand HistorianRelated: The Shiji’s account of the Xiongnu broadens Chinese history beyond the imperial court.

• Zhang QianRelated: Held Zhang Qian captive for about ten years during his first mission westward.

• Ban GuRelated: Ban Gu wrote about campaigns against them while serving Dou Xian.

• Book of HanRelated: The book documents Han diplomacy, warfare, and relations with this major rival.

• Sixteen KingdomsRelated: Xiongnu-descended rulers established some of the earliest states of the period.

• Animal styleRelated: Xiongnu-era finds show animal motifs continuing within changing steppe political networks.

• KurganRelated: Xiongnu elites used monumental tomb complexes that continued steppe mound-burial traditions.

• Kazakh SteppeRelated: Their westward movements affected peoples and power across the broader steppe world.

• XianbeiRelated: Their defeat of the Donghu reshaped the political landscape from which Xianbei groups rose.

• Pazyryk cultureRelated: Their later rise offers a regional political context for the world following Pazyryk.

• Sogdian merchantsRelated: Steppe insecurity in the 4th century pushed Sogdians to build dispersed trading colonies.

• War of the Eight PrincesRelated: Xiongnu forces exploited the weakened Jin state and captured its capital in 311.

• HeqinRelated: The Han initially used heqin to negotiate with this powerful northern confederation.

• Han dynasty militaryRelated: The Xiongnu threat strongly influenced Han military organization and foreign policy.

• Jia YiRelated: Jia Yi’s frontier proposals responded to the Han court’s conflict with the Xiongnu.

• MongolsRelated: They offer an earlier example of steppe confederation, though their relationship to later Mongols is uncertain.

• Wei QingRelated: Its mobile forces and territory defined the opponent Wei Qing had to defeat.

• Emperor Xuan of HanRelated: Xuan's diplomacy and campaigns exploited divisions among the Xiongnu and expanded Han influence.

• Jade Gate PassRelated: Expelling them from the corridor around 121 BC was the precondition for building the gate.

• History of XinjiangRelated: Their rivalry with Han China helped drive early Chinese campaigns into the region.

• Discourses on Salt and IronRelated: Military costs and frontier security underlay arguments for monopoly revenue.

• History of SiberiaRelated: Its expansion influenced political and migratory patterns across Siberia’s southern frontier.

• Li MuRelated: They were the adversary Li Mu defeated through a prolonged defensive strategy.

• Scytho-Siberian artRelated: Their elite burials preserve later steppe objects shaped by long-distance exchange.

• Upheaval of the Five BarbariansRelated: Xiongnu-descended leaders formed Han Zhao, one of the first major rebel powers.