Linked from

The 40 pages that link to Anesthesia, each with the reason it gives.

• ConsciousnessBroader topic: Changes in consciousness under anesthesia help test which neural processes sustain it.

• Pulse oximetryRelated: Continuous saturation monitoring helps detect inadequate oxygenation during procedures.

• OpioidRelated: Opioids can contribute to analgesia during anesthesia.

• AtropineRelated: Atropine has been used before anesthesia to reduce secretions and limit vagal slowing of the heart.

• Mechanical ventilationRelated: General anesthesia often requires temporary machine support for breathing.

• History of medicineRelated: It made extensive surgery possible without the same experience of pain.

• AnalgesicCompared with: Unlike analgesia alone, anesthesia may suppress sensation broadly or include loss of consciousness.

• FentanylRelated: Fentanyl is used as an analgesic adjunct during general anesthesia.

• KetamineNarrower topic: Ketamine can provide anesthesia while often preserving spontaneous breathing and cardiovascular stability.

• Neural correlates of consciousnessRelated: Comparing brain activity across anesthesia and wakefulness tests correlates of conscious state.

• Diethyl etherNarrower topic: Diethyl ether was among the first agents used to produce surgical anesthesia.

• ChloroformNarrower topic: Chloroform was once used to induce general anesthesia before safer agents replaced it.

• AnalgesiaCompared with: Unlike analgesia alone, general anesthesia usually includes unconsciousness.

• SurgeryRelated: It makes many operations tolerable while supporting vital functions.

• PheochromocytomaRelated: Undiagnosed catecholamine secretion can make anesthesia provoke dangerous blood-pressure instability.

• CapnographyRelated: Continuous capnography helps detect breathing problems during general anesthesia and sedation.

• SurgeryRelated: It makes many operations possible without pain or movement.

• Crawford LongNarrower topic: Long’s experiment belongs to the broader history of preventing pain in surgery.

• Gender-affirming surgeryRelated: Most gender-affirming operations require anesthesia to make the procedure possible.

• Cataract surgeryRelated: Topical or local anesthesia commonly makes the operation tolerable while the patient remains awake.

• History of surgeryNarrower topic: Pain control transformed surgery from brief restraint-based procedures into planned operations.

• Altered state of consciousnessRelated: It can suppress or disrupt experience rather than produce the distinctive experiences associated with many altered states.

• General surgeryRelated: General surgeons operate with anesthesiologists to keep patients safe and comfortable.

• Charles Thomas JacksonNarrower topic: Ether became an early practical route into the broader practice of anesthesia.

• TrichloroethyleneNarrower topic: Trichloroethylene was once inhaled as a general anesthetic before safer agents replaced it.

• AnestheticNarrower topic: Anesthetic is the drug; anesthesia is the resulting state.

• Hua TuoNarrower topic: Stories of mafeisan place Hua Tuo within the long history of attempts to control surgical pain.

• J. Marion SimsCompared with: Sims’s operations on enslaved women preceded routine surgical anesthesia and were performed without it.

• MedicineBroader topic: Anesthetic medicines enable procedures by controlling sensation and consciousness.

• The Gross ClinicCompared with: Its presence in the operation separates the patient’s experience from the visible violence witnessed by the audience.

• History of hospitalsRelated: Anesthesia made major surgery more feasible and altered hospitals' surgical role.

• Nikolay PirogovNarrower topic: His ether operations were part of anesthesia’s early adoption in surgery.

• SurgeonRelated: It makes many operations tolerable and allows surgeons to work without pain disrupting the procedure.

• Anesthesia and AnalgesiaNarrower topic: The journal takes its name from this clinical field.

• BradymetabolismRelated: Reduced visible activity under anesthesia does not by itself establish a low metabolic rate.

• FlunitrazepamRelated: In some countries, flunitrazepam has been used as part of anesthetic practice.

• Gamma-hydroxybutyric acidRelated: GHB was studied as an anesthetic, though its limitations prevented it from becoming a standard anesthetic.

• History of neurosurgeryRelated: Reliable anesthesia allowed surgeons to perform longer, more precise operations on the nervous system.

• HypoesthesiaCompared with: Hypoesthesia reduces sensation; anesthesia describes its complete loss.

• Sleep in animalsCompared with: It can resemble sleep behaviorally but differs in cause and underlying physiology.