Linked from

The 44 pages that link to Coalition government, each with the reason it gives.

• Weimar RepublicRelated: Weimar cabinets often depended on coalitions whose disagreements could bring governments down.

• Parliamentary systemRelated: Coalitions often assemble the legislative majority needed to sustain a government.

• Proportional representationRelated: Proportional elections often produce legislatures in which parties must negotiate governing coalitions.

• Political partyRelated: Parties may join forces when no single party can govern alone.

• David Lloyd GeorgeNarrower topic: His premiership depended on an alliance of Liberals and Conservatives rather than a single-party majority.

• Social Democratic Party of GermanyRelated: The SPD’s policy choices often depend on agreements with ideologically distinct partners.

• Electoral systemRelated: Proportional legislatures often require parties to negotiate governing coalitions.

• First-past-the-post votingCompared with: Unlike many proportional systems, first-past-the-post often gives one party a parliamentary majority without a vote majority.

• Semi-presidential systemRelated: Coalitions can determine whether a prime minister can govern despite opposition from the president.

• Political pluralismBroader topic: Coalition bargaining makes party competition part of governing rather than only elections.

• North Rhine-WestphaliaRelated: Coalitions are a common feature of governing North Rhine-Westphalia.

• Party systemBroader topic: Multiparty systems often require parties to bargain together to govern.

• Silvio BerlusconiNarrower topic: Berlusconi relied on coalitions to assemble parliamentary majorities from diverse allies.

• Atal Bihari VajpayeeRelated: His 1999–2004 government demonstrated how a BJP-led coalition could last a full term.

• Prime ministerRelated: Coalition partners can constrain a prime minister’s choices and determine whether a government survives.

• Parliamentary confidenceRelated: Its survival often depends on continued agreement among parties with separate interests.

• Parliamentary democracyBroader topic: Coalitions assemble the votes needed to sustain governments in fragmented parliaments.

• Chancellor of GermanyRelated: Coalition agreements often shape a chancellor’s policy agenda and parliamentary majority.

• Christian Democratic Union of GermanyRelated: Because German elections rarely yield a single-party majority, CDU governments depend on coalition agreements.

• Israeli Labor PartyRelated: Labor has governed through coalitions and negotiated policy with smaller parties.

• Janata PartyNarrower topic: The Janata Party’s internal factions made its government coalition-like even after they formally merged.

• SouphanouvongRelated: Souphanouvong joined coalition arrangements that briefly brought competing Lao factions into government.

• Souvanna PhoumaNarrower topic: Souvanna repeatedly relied on coalitions joining neutralists, royalists, and communists.

• Alternative for GermanyRelated: Other parties’ refusal to govern with the AfD shapes which parliamentary majorities are possible.

• Head of governmentRelated: Coalition partners can constrain the head of government's choices and parliamentary support.

• Independent politicianRelated: Independent legislators may affect coalition negotiations without belonging to a participating party.

• National Party (Uruguay)Related: The National Party relied on allied parties to govern after the 2019 election.

• Susilo Bambang YudhoyonoRelated: Yudhoyono relied on a broad, shifting coalition to govern without a legislative majority.

• Pedro SánchezRelated: Sánchez has led coalition governments with Unidas Podemos and later Sumar.

• Sher Bahadur DeubaNarrower topic: Deuba repeatedly governed through alliances among Nepal’s competing parties.

• P. V. Narasimha RaoCompared with: Rao governed without a single-party parliamentary majority, unlike many earlier Congress administrations.

• Tansu ÇillerRelated: Çiller governed through party alliances rather than a single-party parliamentary majority.

• Centre-right politicsRelated: Centre-right parties often govern through coalitions with liberal, Christian-democratic, or regional partners.

• Mark RutteNarrower topic: Coalition agreements gave Rutte a governing basis without a single-party majority.

• Nehru–Gandhi familyCompared with: Coalition-era politics constrained the Congress leadership after the family’s period of direct rule.

• Solomon MamaloniNarrower topic: Coalition-building helps explain repeated changes of government and Mamaloni’s returns to power.

• Malaysian Islamic PartyRelated: PAS has pursued office through changing alliances as well as independent campaigning.

• ParticracyRelated: Coalition negotiations shift decisions toward party leadership teams.

• Political moderateBroader topic: Coalition bargaining can reward parties and politicians willing to accept partial compromises.

• Politics of GermanyRelated: Germany’s multiparty Bundestag commonly requires parties to negotiate a governing majority.

• Politics of ItalyRelated: Italy’s multiparty parliament often requires agreements among parties to form a cabinet.

• Politics of SpainRelated: Fragmented parliamentary support has made coalitions a recurring route to Spanish government.

• Robert FicoRelated: Fico has governed through shifting coalitions rather than a single-party majority.

• Tomiichi MurayamaNarrower topic: Murayama led a coalition spanning parties that had long been ideological opponents.