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The 162 pages that link to Cosmic microwave background, each with the reason it gives.

• Black bodyBroader topic: Its near-ideal spectrum is a striking natural example of black-body radiation.

• Cosmic neutrino backgroundCompared with: Photons decoupled much later than neutrinos, leaving a warmer and directly observed background.

• Flatness problemRelated: Its temperature and polarization patterns constrain spatial curvature independently of the theoretical puzzle.

• Kelvin scaleBroader topic: Its measured temperature is a prominent cosmological use of the scale.

• Local VoidNarrower topic: Its tiny temperature variations trace the early fluctuations from which voids grew.

• Loop quantum cosmologyRelated: Its measured patterns constrain proposed imprints of quantum cosmological evolution.

• Missing baryon problemRelated: Its baryon-density measurement supplies the predicted inventory against which nearby matter was compared.

• Ultra-high-energy cosmic rayRelated: Its photons interact with the highest-energy cosmic rays during intergalactic travel.

• Big BounceRelated: Its measured patterns constrain how a pre-bounce phase could influence the observable universe.

• Cyclic modelRelated: Its measured temperature patterns constrain proposed signatures of earlier cosmic cycles.

• Outer spaceRelated: This radiation permeates space and provides evidence about the universe's early history.

• Photon gasBroader topic: It is an exceptionally precise natural example of a nearly thermal photon gas.

• South Pole TelescopeNarrower topic: The telescope maps its fine-scale structure and detects distortions caused by intervening matter.

• Static universeCompared with: Its existence and properties support an evolving hot universe, not Einstein’s static picture.

• Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paperRelated: Its discovery later supported the hot-cosmos setting in which the paper placed nucleosynthesis.

• George SmootNarrower topic: Its temperature pattern was the signal Smoot’s team sought to measure.

• Universe (cosmology)Related: Its temperature and patterns preserve evidence about the universe when it was roughly 380,000 years old.

• Zone of AvoidanceCompared with: Its foreground-emission mask is a related but distinct sky-obscuration problem.

• Cosmic Background ExplorerNarrower topic: COBE measured this radiation’s spectrum and small temperature variations.

• Electromagnetic astronomyRelated: Its measured spectrum and tiny variations constrain the universe’s early history and composition.

• John C. MatherNarrower topic: Measuring this radiation was the central scientific aim of Mather’s COBE work.

• Lepton epochRelated: Its temperature reflects the photon bath whose history included lepton annihilation.

• Physical cosmologyRelated: Its temperature pattern records conditions in the young universe.

• Robert Woodrow WilsonBroader topic: The excess antenna temperature Wilson and Penzias found was identified as this radiation.

• Space scienceBroader topic: Its measured patterns constrain the universe's age, composition, and evolution.

• Structure formationRelated: Its temperature anisotropies reveal the small primordial density variations that seed later structure.

• Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter ArrayCompared with: ALMA can measure small-scale variations in this background, although it is not primarily a CMB observatory.

• Boötes VoidRelated: Its tiny primordial density variations seeded the structures from which voids later developed.

• Chronology of the universeRelated: Its temperature and tiny fluctuations preserve evidence of conditions around recombination.

• CMB cold spotNarrower topic: The cold spot is an apparent temperature feature within this all-sky radiation field.

• Expansion of the UniverseRelated: Its temperature and pattern constrain the universe's expansion history.

• Observational cosmologyRelated: Its temperature and polarization patterns encode conditions in the early universe.

• Photon epochRelated: Its photons preserve a record of conditions near the end of photon domination.

• Primordial fluctuationsRelated: Its temperature variations preserve a snapshot of primordial perturbations.

• Radiation (physics)Broader topic: This relic radiation preserves evidence about the universe's early conditions.

• Tired lightRelated: Its blackbody spectrum and observed anisotropies are naturally accounted for by expansion, not simple photon energy loss.

• Arno Allan PenziasRelated: The unexplained signal measured by Penzias and Wilson was this radiation.

• Astronomical masses and mass distributionsRelated: Its measured fluctuations constrain the universe's matter density and composition.

• Black dwarfCompared with: For an immense future interval, even a cooled remnant would remain warmer than this cosmic background.

• Dark flowNarrower topic: Dark-flow measurements seek a directional imprint on this radiation.

• Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiationBroader topic: The unexplained microwave signal was identified as this relic radiation.

• Entropy as an arrow of timeRelated: Its near-uniformity provides evidence about the early universe's unusual thermodynamic condition.

• Formation and evolution of stars and galaxiesRelated: Its tiny temperature variations reveal initial density fluctuations that later grew into structure.

• Giant VoidNarrower topic: Its tiny temperature variations reveal the initial density fluctuations that later grew into voids and structures.

• Grand unification epochRelated: Its measured properties constrain inflationary histories proposed after grand unification.

• Hadron eraRelated: Its measured properties constrain the later cosmic history of the matter left by early annihilations.

• Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias OlbersRelated: It shows that the universe has a history and that distant radiation is stretched by cosmic expansion.

• Hubble volumeRelated: Its anisotropies are analyzed across angular scales related to the Hubble scale at last scattering.

• IC 342/Maffei GroupCompared with: Foreground Milky Way emission in this direction also complicates observations of the microwave background.

• Inflationary epochBroader topic: Its temperature and polarization patterns constrain the perturbations inflation predicts.