Counter-battery fire

Counter-battery fire is the use of weapons to attack enemy artillery or other firing positions, often after locating them through observation or sensors.

Artillery locating: The detection and determination of enemy artillery positions using observation, sound, radar, or other sensors. It supplies the target locations that make counter-battery attacks possible.
Field artillery: Mobile weapons that deliver indirect fire against targets beyond direct line of sight. Field artillery is a principal target of counter-battery operations.
Suppression of enemy air defenses: Military operations intended to neutralize or destroy enemy air-defense systems. It can include attacks on air-defense weapons that fire from identifiable positions.
World War I: A global war fought from 1914 to 1918, marked by trench warfare and extensive artillery use. Sound ranging and flash spotting developed as armies sought to locate concealed guns.
Counter-battery radar: Radar that tracks artillery projectiles to estimate their launch points and predict their trajectories. Unlike the attack itself, radar detects and locates; it does not strike the gun.
Sound ranging: A method of locating artillery by measuring the arrival times of its sound at multiple microphones. It offers a non-radar way to locate guns firing from concealed positions.
Indirect fire: Fire delivered at a target that the weapon cannot see directly, using calculated trajectories. Counter-battery attacks address the hidden firing positions behind indirect fire.
Rocket artillery: Artillery that launches unguided or guided rockets, often in salvos. Rocket launch signatures and rapid displacement shape counter-battery responses.
Battle of the Somme: A major Allied offensive against German forces on the Western Front in 1916. Its artillery campaign illustrates the challenge of suppressing enemy batteries before an assault.
Counterfire: Fire delivered in response to an enemy's attack, including attacks on its firing systems. Counter-battery fire is a specific form of the broader practice of counterfire.

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