Linked from

The 61 pages that link to Democratic backsliding, each with the reason it gives.

• AuthoritarianismRelated: It describes a path by which elected governments can move toward authoritarian rule.

• DemocracyRelated: It describes how elected governments can erode the conditions that sustain popular rule.

• Political polarizationRelated: Polarization can weaken support for democratic constraints when opponents are seen as existential threats.

• Political repressionRelated: Backsliding can create conditions for repression but also includes institutional erosion without immediate coercion.

• PopulismRelated: Some populist governments use claims of popular legitimacy to weaken institutional checks.

• Arab SpringRelated: Several transitions failed to secure durable checks on executive and military power.

• Liberal democracyRelated: Elected governments can incrementally undermine the constraints that sustain liberal democracy.

• DisinformationRelated: Disinformation can erode trust in elections, independent media, and democratic institutions.

• Emergency powersRelated: Emergency rule can accelerate institutional decline when exceptional powers evade effective limits.

• Self-censorshipRelated: Self-censorship can help normalize shrinking freedoms by making opposition less visible.

• Coup d'étatRelated: A coup can abruptly reverse democratic gains or accelerate an erosion already underway.

• Civic educationRelated: Civic knowledge can help people recognize and respond to threats to democratic institutions.

• Political accountabilityRelated: Eroded checks can make public officials harder to scrutinize or sanction.

• Hindu nationalismRelated: Critics assess the movement’s governing record through questions about institutional independence and minority protections.

• OligarchyRelated: Elected institutions can erode while influence becomes increasingly concentrated among a few.

• Christian nationalismRelated: Research examines whether Christian nationalist beliefs correlate with support for weakening democratic constraints.

• Democratic LegitimacyRelated: Institutional erosion can make a government's democratic claim less credible over time.

• Far-right politicsRelated: Far-right governments can erode checks and pluralist protections while retaining elections.

• Political equalityRelated: Erosion of electoral fairness and participation can reverse gains in political equality.

• Political pluralismRelated: As democratic safeguards erode, pluralist organizations lose space to operate.

• Political polarization in the United StatesRelated: Intense partisan conflict can weaken acceptance of institutional constraints and electoral outcomes.

• Meles ZenawiRelated: Ethiopia’s political restrictions during his rule are examined through this concept.

• State of siegeRelated: Repeated or prolonged emergency rule can normalize executive power and erode democratic checks.

• Political trustRelated: Low trust can create openings for leaders who weaken checks while claiming to restore effective rule.

• Comparative politicsRelated: Comparative research tracks how democratic erosion unfolds across countries.

• Right-wing populismRelated: Populist governments can use electoral mandates to weaken checks on executive power.

• National Security DoctrineRelated: The doctrine’s elevation of military authority weakened civilian rule and political pluralism.

• Presidential term limitsRelated: Term-limit removal can signal or enable erosion of constraints on elected leaders.

• Political institutionRelated: Changes in institutional practice can erode democracy without a sudden constitutional rupture.

• AutocracyRelated: Autocratic rule can emerge through the erosion of constraints rather than a sudden coup.

• Constitutional democracyRelated: It describes how constitutional democracy can deteriorate without an abrupt coup.

• State of exceptionRelated: Extended emergency rule can erode oversight and make extraordinary executive authority harder to reverse.

• Brazilian democracyRelated: It provides a framework for assessing threats that can arise within elected systems.

• Post-communismRelated: Some post-communist democracies later experienced erosion of checks, media freedom, and judicial independence.

• Joko WidodoRelated: Critics linked some developments under Widodo to declining checks, civil liberties, and institutional independence.

• Political freedomRelated: Its progression shows how political freedoms can erode while formal institutions remain.

• Political psychologyRelated: Explaining public tolerance for democratic erosion tests links between attitudes and institutions.

• Right-wing politicsRelated: Cases involving right-wing governments fuel disputes over the relationship between conservative rule and democratic erosion.

• The Open Society and Its EnemiesRelated: It illustrates how an open society can lose protections without a single decisive overthrow.

• Left-wing populismRelated: Critics warn that leaders claiming exclusive popular representation may undermine institutional checks.

• Post–Cold War eraRelated: Its spread raises doubts about assumptions that post-Cold War democratization would endure.

• Arab WinterRelated: Even countries that initially liberalized later experienced erosion of democratic institutions.

• Benevolent dictatorshipRelated: A benevolent mandate can provide cover for steadily dismantling democratic checks.

• Neo-fascismRelated: Neo-fascist influence can normalize attacks on pluralism and democratic checks.

• Neo-nationalismRelated: Concentrating power in the name of national unity can weaken institutional checks.

• Perpetual warRelated: A permanent emergency can erode oversight and normalize restrictions on political opposition.

• UltraconservatismRelated: Some ultraconservative projects weaken pluralist institutions when they treat them as obstacles to tradition.