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The 53 pages that link to Distillation, each with the reason it gives.

• Boiling pointRelated: Different boiling temperatures help separate liquid mixtures.

• EthanolRelated: Distillation concentrates ethanol after fermentation, though ordinary distillation cannot make it completely anhydrous.

• VolatilityRelated: Different volatilities allow components to separate during vaporization and condensation.

• ChromatographyCompared with: It relies on volatility differences instead of differential movement through phases.

• AlchemyRelated: Alchemists used it to separate and refine volatile substances.

• Reverse osmosisCompared with: It desalines water by phase change rather than pressure-driven membrane transport.

• Mass transferRelated: Vapor–liquid mass transfer helps determine separation efficiency and required equipment.

• PerfumeRelated: Distillation enabled the production of concentrated aromatic materials used in perfumery.

• WineCompared with: Wine is fermented, whereas spirits such as brandy are concentrated by distillation.

• Latent heat of vaporizationRelated: The energy required to vaporize feed is a major cost in distillation.

• Vapor–liquid equilibriumRelated: Its separation performance depends on vapor and liquid compositions at equilibrium.

• CondenserRelated: A condenser turns separated vapor fractions back into liquid products.

• Liquid–liquid extractionCompared with: It separates by vapor–liquid behavior rather than liquid-phase solubility.

• PerfumeryRelated: Distillation made it possible to obtain aromatic oils from plant materials.

• Water purificationCompared with: Distillation can produce purified water but uses a different separation mechanism from membrane treatment.

• MixtureRelated: Different boiling behavior allows distillation to separate components of some mixtures.

• Boiling-point elevationRelated: Dissolved nonvolatile material changes the temperature conditions under which solvent vapor forms.

• Alcohol by volumeRelated: Distillation enables alcohol measurement by separating ethanol and water before analysis.

• Ethanol fuelRelated: Fuel ethanol is distilled from fermented mixtures before further dehydration.

• Laboratory glasswareRelated: Glassware can direct vapor through a condenser into a collection vessel.

• BrewingCompared with: Unlike brewing beer, distillation concentrates alcohol after fermentation.

• Fortified wineCompared with: Fortified wine receives a distilled spirit; it is not itself distilled.

• BrandyNarrower topic: Brandy production concentrates alcohol from fermented liquid through this broader process.

• Extractive distillationNarrower topic: Extractive distillation modifies ordinary distillation by changing mixture volatility with a solvent.

• Jabir ibn HayyanRelated: Jabirian texts describe apparatus and procedures for separating and purifying substances.

• Molecular sieveCompared with: Distillation separates by volatility, while molecular sieves can distinguish molecules with similar boiling points.

• Vacuum distillationNarrower topic: Vacuum distillation is a pressure-modified form of this broader separation method.

• Azeotropic distillationNarrower topic: Azeotropic distillation modifies this general method by adding another component.

• Unit operationBroader topic: It separates liquid mixtures through repeated vapor–liquid contact.

• VaporizationRelated: It uses selective vaporization to separate liquid mixtures.

• Alcoholic beverageRelated: It concentrates ethanol in spirits after fermentation.

• Zosimos of PanopolisRelated: Zosimos described distillation as a practical operation in alchemical work.

• Chemical plantRelated: Many plants purify products or recover solvents by separating mixtures into fractions.

• Irish whiskeyNarrower topic: Distillation determines how a fermented cereal wash becomes whiskey spirit.

• Separation processRelated: It separates components through differences in boiling behavior.

• VodkaBroader topic: Repeated distillation can raise alcohol concentration and reduce some congeners.

• State of matterRelated: It uses differences in vaporization behavior to separate substances.

• VaporRelated: Differences in volatility let distillation separate substances through their vapor phases.

• Cleopatra the AlchemistRelated: Distillation was among the operations used in the apparatus-based laboratory tradition around her work.

• Distilled waterNarrower topic: Distilled water is produced by this phase-change separation.

• Fractionating columnNarrower topic: A fractionating column is the apparatus for carrying out repeated distillation contacts.

• François-Marie RaoultRelated: Vapor-pressure relations help predict how liquid composition affects distillation.

• History of alcoholic beveragesRelated: Distillation enabled stronger spirits and expanded alcohol production beyond fermented drinks.

• Component (mixtures)Related: Distillation separates components according to their vapor–liquid equilibrium.

• Fractional freezingCompared with: Distillation separates through vaporization, while fractional freezing separates through solidification.

• Laboratory flaskRelated: Flasks hold the heated mixture or collect distilled liquid in many setups.

• Liquation (metallurgy)Compared with: Distillation separates volatile constituents, whereas liquation separates constituents through melting.

• Mary the JewessRelated: The tribikos is designed to collect products of distillation.

• Michael SendivogiusRelated: Distillation was among the laboratory techniques used to investigate volatile substances and transformations.

• Random column packingRelated: Packed columns provide vapor–liquid contact for continuous distillation.