Linked from

The 113 pages that link to Ecosystem service, each with the reason it gives.

• Habitat fragmentationNarrower topic: Fragmentation can alter ecological processes that sustain benefits people receive from intact landscapes.

• BiodiversityRelated: This framework connects biodiversity to human well-being and decisions about nature.

• AgroforestryNarrower topic: Agroforestry can deliver farm products alongside services such as habitat and water regulation.

• Ecological restorationRelated: Restoration can recover services, though service gains do not always match biodiversity goals.

• Biodiversity lossRelated: Biodiversity loss can weaken the ecological processes that sustain these benefits.

• Urban ecologyRelated: This framework links urban ecological processes to benefits such as shade and water regulation.

• Land-use changeRelated: Land transitions can strengthen some ecosystem benefits while diminishing others.

• Environmental flowRelated: Environmental flows can sustain river benefits such as fisheries, water quality, and floodplain productivity.

• National parkRelated: Parks can protect ecological processes that support people beyond park borders.

• ScavengingNarrower topic: Carcass removal by scavengers can reduce waste and limit exposure to pathogens.

• Biodiversity conservationRelated: This framework makes human dependence on functioning ecosystems explicit in conservation decisions.

• Forest restorationRelated: Projects framed around services may prioritize benefits differently from projects centered on native biodiversity.

• AmphibianRelated: Amphibians consume many invertebrates and serve as prey for other wildlife.

• Land useRelated: Land-use choices affect the ecological processes that supply these benefits.

• Wetland conservationNarrower topic: Wetland conservation can sustain water purification, flood attenuation, and other benefits.

• InsectivoryNarrower topic: Insectivory can contribute to pest suppression, a benefit with economic value.

• EcologyRelated: Ecological processes underpin many benefits that human societies rely on.

• Marine ecosystemNarrower topic: Marine ecosystems provide benefits that shape conservation and policy decisions.

• Nature-based solutionsNarrower topic: This framework describes the human benefits that nature-based solutions seek to sustain.

• AnthropocentrismRelated: The concept makes nature legible through benefits to humans, while informing conservation decisions.

• Blue carbonRelated: Carbon storage is one benefit among the wider services supplied by blue-carbon habitats.

• DetritivoreNarrower topic: Detritivore-driven breakdown supports soil fertility and waste processing.

• EcosystemRelated: This framework connects ecosystem processes to benefits and costs for people.

• Land degradationNarrower topic: Land degradation diminishes services that depend on functioning ecosystems.

• AgroecologyNarrower topic: Agroecological systems can sustain services on which farming and surrounding communities depend.

• Ecosystem engineerRelated: Engineered wetlands and reefs can influence services such as water regulation and coastal protection.

• Ecosystem engineeringRelated: Engineering can affect services such as flood buffering, water filtration, and coastal protection.

• River restorationNarrower topic: Restored rivers can support water quality, recreation, and flood regulation.

• Wetland restorationNarrower topic: Wetland recovery can restore services such as water regulation, fisheries, and recreation.

• Wildlife traffickingRelated: Wildlife losses can disrupt ecological processes that support these benefits.

• Green infrastructureNarrower topic: This framework describes many benefits claimed for green infrastructure.

• IntercroppingRelated: Intercrops can provide services such as erosion control or pest regulation alongside harvests.

• Regenerative agricultureRelated: Regenerative farming seeks to sustain production alongside ecological functions.

• Soil healthNarrower topic: Soil health supports services such as nutrient cycling, water regulation, and food production.

• Forest degradationRelated: Forest condition influences services such as clean water, local climate regulation, and livelihoods.

• Loess PlateauNarrower topic: Restored vegetation can alter water regulation and other benefits across the plateau.

• Pollinator declineNarrower topic: Pollination is one ecosystem service affected when animal pollinators become less abundant or diverse.

• Coastal squeezeRelated: Squeezed habitats may provide less flood protection, nursery habitat, and carbon storage.

• Coral TriangleNarrower topic: Coral Triangle reefs provide benefits central to coastal communities.

• Insect declineNarrower topic: Insect-mediated pollination, decomposition, and pest suppression connect population changes to human well-being.

• Political ecologyCompared with: Political ecology asks how ecosystem benefits are defined, valued, and distributed.

• Agricultural biodiversityNarrower topic: Agricultural biodiversity contributes to services such as pollination and pest regulation.

• Cloud forestNarrower topic: Water regulation and habitat are among cloud forests’ direct benefits.

• Soil biodiversityNarrower topic: Soil organisms underpin services such as nutrient supply, decomposition, and water regulation.

• Earth system scienceRelated: System interactions shape the ecological processes that sustain these benefits.

• Ecological economicsRelated: They make visible how economies depend on ecological functions that markets often omit.

• PollinatorNarrower topic: Animal pollination is a widely recognized ecological benefit with human value.

• Restoration ecologyRelated: Projects may track services such as water regulation alongside ecological goals.

• Urban agricultureNarrower topic: Urban farms can provide ecological benefits alongside food and other products.

• Aquatic ecosystemRelated: Valuing aquatic benefits raises questions about which ecological changes matter and to whom.