Linked from

The 113 pages that link to Ecosystem service, each with the reason it gives.

• DefaunationNarrower topic: Animal losses can weaken ecological processes that support human well-being.

• Illegal wildlife tradeRelated: Wildlife depletion can disrupt ecological functions that support human livelihoods.

• Land sparingRelated: Land-use choices affect services supplied by both farms and spared habitat.

• Mangrove restorationNarrower topic: This framework captures the multiple benefits used to justify and evaluate restoration.

• Seabird conservationRelated: Seabirds transport nutrients and support cultural and economic values around coastal communities.

• EntomologyRelated: Insects provide services that support food production and ecosystem function.

• Montane forestNarrower topic: Mountain forests store carbon, regulate water, and help limit soil erosion.

• PolycultureRelated: Polyculture may support services such as pollination, pest regulation, and soil protection.

• Rangeland managementNarrower topic: Rangelands provide benefits beyond livestock products that management can protect or diminish.

• ScavengerNarrower topic: Carcass removal by scavengers can reduce sanitation costs and disease risks.

• Climate change and the water cycleNarrower topic: Altered water availability can weaken ecosystems' ability to regulate and provide water.

• Sacred grovesRelated: Groves may provide practical benefits alongside their sacred significance.

• Groundwater-dependent ecosystemNarrower topic: Groundwater-dependent ecosystems can support services such as water purification, habitat, and recreation.

• Street treeNarrower topic: Street trees provide a compact urban example of multiple ecosystem services.

• Flying squirrelRelated: Flying squirrels transport fungal spores that contribute to forest nutrient relationships.

• Forest diebackNarrower topic: Tree mortality can reduce services such as timber production, water regulation, and recreation.

• Habitat destructionRelated: Destroying natural environments can impair services on which human communities depend.

• Protected area managementRelated: Protected areas can sustain benefits that extend well beyond their boundaries.

• Sustainable useRelated: Resource use depends on ecological benefits that extraction can either maintain or impair.

• Wildlife habitatRelated: Wildlife habitat can sustain ecological processes that benefit people.

• BiosphereRelated: This framework links biospheric processes to human well-being and decision-making.

• Nature conservationRelated: Healthy ecosystems can sustain benefits that conservation helps maintain.

• RangelandNarrower topic: Rangelands provide benefits that extend beyond forage and livestock.

• Aquatic ecologyNarrower topic: Aquatic ecosystem condition affects benefits societies depend on.

• CaatingaNarrower topic: Caatinga ecosystems support local livelihoods and help regulate soils, water, and carbon.

• Integrated multi-trophic aquacultureRelated: The system may provide food while also producing nutrient-regulation benefits.

• Mesoamerican Biological CorridorRelated: The initiative can conserve ecological functions on which communities depend.

• Nature (natural world)Related: It describes how human well-being depends on ecological functions.

• Plant conservationRelated: Plant conservation helps sustain services provided by plant communities.

• Climate change and forestsNarrower topic: Forest changes affect services such as water regulation, timber, and carbon storage.

• Ecological integrityCompared with: Service value centers human benefits, while integrity concerns the ecosystem’s native composition and functioning.

• Insect conservationNarrower topic: Insect-mediated pollination, pest control, and decomposition support valued ecosystem functions.

• Soil ecosystemNarrower topic: Soil functions contribute to food production, water regulation, and nutrient cycling.

• Crop diversificationRelated: Crop mixtures can support services that simplify or uniform cropping systems may reduce.

• Freshwater conservationNarrower topic: Healthy freshwater systems support services relied on by communities.

• Natural resourceRelated: Some resources matter through ecological functions, not just harvested materials.

• Ocean conservationRelated: Healthy oceans support benefits that conservation seeks to maintain.

• River red gumRelated: River red gum forests provide habitat, shade, and riverine ecosystem functions.

• Andean condorRelated: By consuming carcasses, condors help remove animal remains from landscapes.

• Dung beetleNarrower topic: Dung removal by beetles can improve several processes valuable to livestock systems.

• Tropical forest conservationRelated: Forest protection can sustain water regulation, climate moderation, and resources used by nearby communities.

• Environmental protectionRelated: Environmental damage can undermine natural systems that support human life.

• Natural resource managementRelated: This framework makes human dependence on functioning ecosystems visible in decisions.

• New World vultureRelated: Vultures remove carcasses and can reduce opportunities for disease transmission.

• Cattle egretNarrower topic: The egret’s insect consumption is one potential benefit in livestock environments.

• Environmental degradationRelated: Degraded ecosystems provide fewer benefits that support human well-being.

• Environmental planningRelated: It makes ecological benefits relevant to land-use choices.

• Landscape planningRelated: It makes ecological benefits relevant to choices among competing land uses.

• Montane ecosystemNarrower topic: Montane ecosystems provide water storage, erosion control, and other benefits beyond their slopes.

• Natural environmentRelated: This framework connects environmental processes with benefits that support human societies.