Linked from

The 52 pages that link to Endosymbiotic theory, each with the reason it gives.

• Horizontal gene transferRelated: Gene transfers from these endosymbionts to host nuclei accompanied their integration.

• EukaryoteRelated: It explains the bacterial ancestry of eukaryotes’ energy-producing organelles.

• RibosomeRelated: Organelle ribosomes retain features that reflect their bacterial ancestry.

• ChloroplastNarrower topic: It explains how chloroplasts arose from bacteria living inside an ancestral eukaryotic cell.

• Mitochondrial DNARelated: It explains why mitochondria retain a genome separate from nuclear DNA.

• CyanobacteriaRelated: Chloroplasts descend from a cyanobacterium incorporated into an ancestral eukaryotic cell.

• FlagellumRelated: It explains organelle origins, but not the origin of eukaryotic flagella.

• Cell theoryRelated: It explains the origins of key cell structures while retaining cells as life’s basic units.

• SymbiosisBroader topic: It explains how ancient symbiosis became a defining feature of complex cells.

• ATP synthaseRelated: Their ATP synthases retain similarities to bacterial enzymes, reflecting organelle ancestry.

• OrganelleRelated: It explains the bacterial ancestry of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

• ArchaeplastidaRelated: It provides the broader evolutionary framework for plastid origins.

• ProkaryoteRelated: It connects prokaryotic ancestors to organelles inside modern eukaryotic cells.

• Photosystem IIRelated: It accounts for the bacterial ancestry of chloroplast photosystems.

• Cytochrome c oxidaseNarrower topic: The enzyme's mixed genetic origins reflect mitochondria's evolutionary history.

• ProtistRelated: Endosymbiosis explains the origins of organelles found in many protists.

• CellRelated: It explains the bacterial ancestry of key structures in eukaryotic cells.

• Green algaeRelated: It accounts for the cyanobacterial ancestry of green algal chloroplasts.

• Lynn MargulisBroader topic: This is the central evolutionary explanation Margulis argued for and helped establish.

• Plant cellRelated: It explains the bacterial ancestry of chloroplasts found in plant cells.

• Primary endosymbiosisRelated: It explains the bacterial ancestry inferred for primary plastids.

• Protein biosynthesisRelated: It accounts for organelles with distinct ribosomes and protein-synthesis systems.

• IsoprenoidRelated: Plastid ancestry helps explain why plants use a distinct precursor-producing pathway.

• Oxygenic photosynthesisRelated: Chloroplasts descend from a cyanobacterial lineage that already performed oxygenic photosynthesis.

• PlastidNarrower topic: It explains why plastids retain bacterial-like genomes and other traits.

• Brown algaeRelated: Brown-algal plastids trace to a complex history of endosymbiosis involving a red-algal ancestor.

• Chlorophyll aRelated: Chloroplasts inherited chlorophyll a-based photosynthesis from bacterial ancestors.

• AlgaeRelated: It explains how photosynthetic organelles spread among distantly related algal groups.

• Endosymbiotic gene transferNarrower topic: It explains why organelles retain genes related to their bacterial ancestors.

• SAR supergroupRelated: Shared plastid histories connect some SAR branches, though not all members retain plastids.

• ApicomplexaRelated: It explains the plastid ancestry underlying the apicoplast in many members of the phylum.

• Cell nucleusRelated: It explains the origin of other eukaryotic compartments and frames comparisons with nuclear evolution.

• Eukaryotic cellRelated: It explains the bacterial ancestry of key eukaryotic organelles.

• AlveolataRelated: A shared plastid ancestry in several alveolate groups reflects ancient endosymbiosis.

• Muller’s ratchetRelated: Bacterial ancestry and reduced genetic exchange help frame mutation accumulation in organelle genomes.

• ThylakoidRelated: It explains the bacterial ancestry shared by chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, both of which contain thylakoids.

• Christian de DuveCompared with: De Duve proposed a different evolutionary origin for peroxisomes than the bacterial origin of mitochondria.

• Prokaryotic cellRelated: It links prokaryotic ancestors to organelles that define many eukaryotic cells.

• Thomas Cavalier-SmithRelated: It underpinned his accounts of mitochondria, plastids, and eukaryotic evolution.

• HaptophyteRelated: It explains the deep origin of photosynthetic organelles in haptophytes.

• ChromistaRelated: Complex plastid histories helped shape hypotheses about chromist relationships.

• EukaryotaRelated: It explains the bacterial ancestry of two defining eukaryotic organelles.

• SymbiogenesisRelated: It explains the best-supported case of symbiogenesis: bacterial partners becoming organelles.

• Plastid DNARelated: It explains why plastids retain genomes with bacterial features.

• CryptomonadNarrower topic: It provides the broad evolutionary framework for cryptomonad plastid origins.

• Evolution of bacteriaRelated: It connects bacterial evolution directly to the origin of complex eukaryotic cells.

• Extranuclear inheritanceNarrower topic: Organelle genomes and their inheritance are evolutionary remnants of this bacterial ancestry.

• MitochondriaNarrower topic: It explains the bacterial ancestry of mitochondria.

• Non-cellular lifeCompared with: It explains how once-independent cellular organisms became integrated into cells, unlike viruses.

• ParakaryonRelated: Its account of cellular merger offers a separate evolutionary framework from Parakaryon’s unusual anatomy.