Linked from

The 161 pages that link to Enlightenment philosophy, each with the reason it gives.

• French RevolutionRelated: Its arguments about sovereignty and rights informed revolutionary debates without determining their outcome.

• Romanticism in philosophyCompared with: Romantic philosophers reacted against its confidence that reason could organize knowledge and society.

• Immanuel KantNarrower topic: Kant’s call to think autonomously became a concise expression of Enlightenment ideals.

• Leonhard EulerNarrower topic: Euler’s prolific scientific work flourished within the Enlightenment’s expanding academies and print culture.

• NeoclassicismRelated: Its confidence in reason reinforced neoclassical ideals of clarity and disciplined form.

• RomanticismCompared with: Romanticism challenged its confidence in reason and universal rules.

• SecularismRelated: Enlightenment arguments for reason and conscience informed later defenses of secular government.

• Scientific RevolutionNarrower topic: Enlightenment thinkers extended confidence in systematic inquiry to society, politics, and human affairs.

• Public sphereRelated: Its ideals of reasoned criticism helped shape bourgeois public debate.

• Jean-Jacques RousseauNarrower topic: Rousseau participated in the movement while criticizing its confidence in progress and refinement.

• Benjamin FranklinNarrower topic: Franklin’s experiments and civic arguments made him a prominent American representative of Enlightenment ideals.

• Catherine the GreatNarrower topic: Catherine drew on Enlightenment ideas while adapting them to an autocratic state.

• BildungsromanRelated: Its faith in education and self-cultivation informed early accounts of personal formation.

• DeismRelated: Deist arguments gained prominence amid Enlightenment challenges to religious authority.

• PostmodernismCompared with: Postmodern criticism targets universal rational progress as a central inheritance of Enlightenment thought.

• University of GöttingenNarrower topic: The university's founding program reflected Enlightenment ideals of scholarship and intellectual independence.

• VoltaireNarrower topic: Voltaire became one of its most recognizable writers and public advocates.

• Mary WollstonecraftNarrower topic: Wollstonecraft used Enlightenment principles to challenge women’s subordination.

• CosmopolitanismNarrower topic: Modern cosmopolitan arguments developed amid Enlightenment debates about universal reason and humanity.

• German RomanticismCompared with: Romanticism challenged accounts of knowledge and art that gave reason exclusive authority.

• History of booksRelated: Books and publishing networks carried Enlightenment arguments to expanding publics.

• History of scienceRelated: Its ideals shaped public authority and organization of scientific knowledge.

• Auguste ComteNarrower topic: Comte inherited its confidence in reason while rejecting some of its individualist politics.

• Jeremy BenthamNarrower topic: Bentham’s confidence in rationally redesigning laws and institutions belongs to this reforming tradition.

• EurocentrismRelated: Its universal claims were sometimes intertwined with European hierarchies and imperial projects.

• ModernityNarrower topic: Its confidence in reason helped shape modern ideas of progress and social reform.

• French RomanticismRelated: Romanticism reacted against confidence in reason as the primary guide to human life.

• Baruch SpinozaNarrower topic: Spinoza’s arguments for rational inquiry and scriptural criticism helped shape Enlightenment debates.

• Czech national revivalRelated: Enlightenment scholarship encouraged the historical and linguistic study that helped renew Czech culture.

• AestheticsNarrower topic: Its debates about reason and sensibility formed the setting for modern aesthetics.

• Intellectual historyBroader topic: Its self-conscious debates about reason and progress became central subjects for the field.

• NaturalismRelated: Enlightenment debates expanded naturalistic accounts of human beings and society.

• Robert OwenNarrower topic: Owen’s confidence in social improvement and education reflects Enlightenment reform traditions.

• Whig historyNarrower topic: Its confidence in improvement helped shape histories that cast the past as progress toward modernity.

• Biblical criticismRelated: Its methods and debates helped create conditions for modern biblical scholarship.

• Jean-Baptiste LamarckNarrower topic: Lamarck’s career unfolded amid its expanding culture of natural inquiry.

• Mikhail LomonosovNarrower topic: Lomonosov’s projects joined scientific inquiry with educational and cultural reform.

• Jewish emancipationNarrower topic: Its language of universal rights gave emancipation a powerful political rationale.

• Johann Gottfried HerderNarrower topic: Herder inherited Enlightenment questions while challenging its universal standards of reason and progress.

• Secular humanismRelated: Its confidence in reason and criticism helped shape modern secular humanist thought.

• SentimentalismNarrower topic: Sentimentalism developed within Enlightenment debates about reason, virtue, and human nature.

• Olympe de GougesNarrower topic: Its language of universal rights informed the arguments she turned against gender exclusion.

• Enlightened absolutismNarrower topic: Its ideas supplied arguments for legal, religious, and administrative reform.

• Utopian socialismNarrower topic: Its faith in rational reform shaped early socialist plans for reorganizing society.

• Classical periodNarrower topic: Its ideals of clarity and accessibility resonated with the period’s musical style.

• Jean-Paul MaratNarrower topic: Marat’s scientific interests and political writing emerged amid Enlightenment debates about knowledge and authority.

• Science and religionRelated: Its debates recast the authority of religious institutions and natural knowledge.

• Separate spheresNarrower topic: Its debates about nature and social order shaped arguments used to justify gendered roles.

• Universal historyRelated: Enlightenment thinkers used broad histories to argue about human progress and civilization.

• Social evolutionismNarrower topic: Its faith in progress supplied an intellectual backdrop for theories of social stages.