Linked from

The 118 pages that link to Liberalism, each with the reason it gives.

• E. H. CarrCompared with: Carr’s later sympathy for Soviet planning contrasted with liberal assumptions about political and economic order.

• G. W. F. HegelCompared with: Hegel criticizes accounts of freedom that treat individuals as independent of social institutions.

• Mario Vargas LlosaRelated: His later public writing championed liberal democracy and market-oriented reforms.

• Political ideologyCompared with: Liberalism prioritizes individual liberty and constitutional protections in distinctive ways.

• Rawlsian justiceRelated: It develops how his conception of justice can be shared across competing worldviews.

• Slavoj ŽižekCompared with: Žižek criticizes liberal assumptions about political neutrality and the possibility of escaping ideology.

• C. RajagopalachariRelated: Rajaji’s later opposition to extensive state planning drew on liberal arguments for limited government.

• Individual libertyNarrower topic: Individual liberty is one of liberalism’s defining commitments.

• Political theoryCompared with: It offers influential accounts of rights and freedom that rival communal or hierarchical priorities.

• Francis FukuyamaNarrower topic: Fukuyama’s argument concerns liberalism’s historical prospects, not merely one democratic institutional design.

• Jacques MaritainCompared with: Maritain sought a form of democratic freedom grounded in moral responsibility rather than individual autonomy alone.

• T. H. GreenNarrower topic: Green reshaped liberal arguments by treating freedom as a social achievement.

• Anne Robert Jacques TurgotRelated: Turgot’s opposition to guild privilege and economic restrictions anticipated later liberal reform arguments.

• Asian valuesCompared with: Its emphasis on personal rights and political pluralism contrasts with communitarian arguments for social order.

• Benedetto CroceRelated: Croce defended liberal institutions and articulated an influential Italian liberal philosophy.

• Cornel WestCompared with: West criticizes liberal politics when formal rights leave structural racial and economic inequalities intact.

• Holy AllianceCompared with: Its constitutional ideals conflicted with the alliance’s defense of hereditary rule.

• Juan Pablo DuarteRelated: Duarte’s republican project drew on liberal ideas of constitutional self-government.

• Max StirnerCompared with: Stirner argued that rights granted by a state still leave individuals dependent on an external authority.

• Raymond AronRelated: Aron defended liberal democracy without treating it as immune to conflict or error.

• Two Treatises of GovernmentNarrower topic: The treatises helped shape liberal accounts of legitimate government and individual rights.

• Alasdair MacIntyreCompared with: MacIntyre criticizes liberalism for presenting contested moral commitments as neutral and universal.

• KrausismNarrower topic: Krausism intersected with liberal reform but added a distinctive spiritual and developmental philosophy.

• Left-wing politicsCompared with: Liberalism overlaps with parts of the left but differs over markets, property, and state responsibility.

• Long nineteenth centuryRelated: Liberal ideas shaped revolutions, reforms, and conflicts over political authority.

• Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian EmpireRelated: Liberal demands for constitutions and civil liberties united otherwise distinct opposition groups.

• Rudolf KjellénCompared with: His holistic account of the state contrasts with liberal emphasis on individuals and restraints on government.

• Traditionalist conservatismCompared with: Traditionalists often question liberalism’s tendency to treat individual choice as the primary political standard.

• History of IdeasRelated: Its changing interpretations have influenced laws, institutions, and political movements.

• Liberal conservatismNarrower topic: Its commitments to rights and constrained government supply the tradition’s liberal inheritance.

• Lionel TrillingRelated: His essays tested liberalism’s confidence against moral complexity and dissent.

• Modern philosophyRelated: Locke’s arguments helped make individual rights and consent central political principles.

• National syndicalismCompared with: National syndicalism rejected liberal individualism and parliamentary pluralism.

• Pope Gregory XVICompared with: Gregory XVI rejected key liberal claims about conscience, religion, and political authority.

• Right-wing politicsRelated: Its classical and social forms overlap with, or diverge from, different right-wing currents.

• Saint-SimonianismCompared with: Saint-Simonianism favored coordinated social direction where liberalism typically stresses individual liberty.

• VolksgemeinschaftCompared with: Its protection of individual rights conflicts with the subordination demanded by Nazi communal ideology.

• Yuval Noah HarariCompared with: Harari examines whether liberal political ideas can withstand technological and social disruption.

• Ann CoulterCompared with: Coulter’s books frequently define their arguments by attacking liberal ideas and institutions.

• Green liberalismNarrower topic: Green liberalism extends these commitments to environmental conditions that make meaningful freedom possible.

• Guillermo PrietoNarrower topic: This broader tradition underpinned Prieto’s Mexican liberal commitments.

• John Atkinson HobsonRelated: Hobson developed his economic criticism from within a reform-minded liberal politics.

• Left-wing populismCompared with: Liberalism’s institutional constraints can conflict with populist claims of an undivided popular will.

• Mark RutteNarrower topic: The VVD's liberal tradition shaped Rutte's party identity and political program.

• Social philosophyCompared with: Its priority on individual liberty can conflict with demands for collective goods and social equality.

• The Concept of the PoliticalCompared with: Schmitt attacks liberal efforts to neutralize or displace political conflict through discussion and competition.

• Trienio LiberalNarrower topic: Liberal ideas supplied the principles behind the restored constitution and its supporters.

• Aleksandr DuginCompared with: Dugin explicitly positions his Fourth Political Theory against liberalism’s claim to universal validity.

• Charles KrauthammerCompared with: Krauthammer frequently criticized liberal policies and assumptions in his columns.

• Contemporary philosophyCompared with: Its contemporary theories provide a major target for communitarian and critical objections.