Linked from

The 50 pages that link to Napoleon III, each with the reason it gives.

• Napoleon BonaparteCompared with: His later empire invoked Napoleon’s legacy while arising from a different political era.

• Otto von BismarckCompared with: His defeat by Prussia ended the French-led order that Bismarck sought to overturn.

• Franco-Prussian WarRelated: His government’s diplomacy and decision to declare war shaped France’s entry into the conflict.

• German unificationRelated: His conflict with Prussia helped bring the southern German states into the empire.

• Victor HugoRelated: Hugo’s opposition to his coup drove Hugo into exile.

• Second French EmpireRelated: His personal rule, political choices, and downfall defined the regime.

• French conquest of AlgeriaRelated: His policies exposed tensions between military colonization and proposals for Algerian political autonomy.

• Kingdom of SardiniaRelated: French military support helped Sardinia win Lombardy, though Napoleon later withdrew from the campaign.

• Pope Pius IXRelated: French troops delayed the loss of Rome until France’s defeat in 1870.

• Salon des RefusésRelated: He ordered a separate exhibition after rejected artists protested.

• Treaty of Paris (1856)Related: He hosted the peace congress in Paris and sought French diplomatic influence.

• French intervention in MexicoRelated: He backed a Mexican monarchy as part of his strategy in the Americas.

• Second Italian War of IndependenceRelated: His military support made the Franco-Sardinian alliance possible.

• Victor Emmanuel IIRelated: His alliance with Sardinia aided its war against Austria, while his troops later protected Rome from annexation.

• Battle of SolferinoRelated: He directed French forces that fought at Solferino.

• BonapartismBroader topic: He revived Bonapartist rule through a coup, popular votes, and an expansive executive.

• Haussmann's renovation of ParisRelated: He initiated the rebuilding program and gave Haussmann broad political authority.

• Alphonse de LamartineCompared with: His authoritarian ascendancy marked the defeat of the democratic republic Lamartine had championed.

• MargarineRelated: He offered a prize for an affordable butter substitute, prompting Mège-Mouriès’s work.

• Mexican EmpireRelated: His intervention installed Maximilian and sustained the Second Empire.

• Second Mexican EmpireRelated: His government installed Maximilian and later withdrew the troops sustaining him.

• VercingetorixRelated: His imperial-era projects helped turn Vercingetorix into a prominent French national figure.

• French conquest of VietnamRelated: His government authorized the expedition that opened the conquest.

• Alexandre DumasRelated: Dumas’s republican politics put him at odds with the regime that ruled France during part of his career.

• French Legion of HonourRelated: His regime revised the order’s insignia and reinforced its imperial character.

• Unification of ItalyRelated: His military alliance with Piedmont-Sardinia helped dislodge Austria from Lombardy.

• Battle of SedanRelated: He was captured at Sedan, a blow that ended his rule.

• Georges-Eugène HaussmannRelated: He commissioned and politically backed Haussmann’s transformation of Paris.

• Maximilian I of MexicoRelated: Napoleon III selected Maximilian and supplied the force behind his accession.

• Palais GarnierRelated: His regime initiated the competition for a new Paris opera house.

• A Memory of SolferinoRelated: His campaign created the battlefield crisis that Dunant described.

• Carol I of RomaniaRelated: French support for a foreign prince helped make Carol’s candidacy diplomatically viable.

• François GuizotRelated: The regime born from the revolution Guizot faced eventually gave way to Napoleon III’s rule.

• Joséphine de BeauharnaisRelated: Joséphine’s grandson later revived imperial rule in France.

• Louis BlancCompared with: His coup ended the republic in which Blanc had briefly held political influence.

• The Turkish BathRelated: The painting was made for his collection but was rejected by Empress Eugénie.

• Prosper MériméeRelated: Mérimée became a senator under Napoleon III and served as a trusted cultural intermediary.

• Battle of PueblaRelated: His government expanded a debt expedition into an attempt to establish a French-backed monarchy.

• Daniel Dunglas HomeRelated: Home reportedly demonstrated mediumship for Napoleon III and Empress Eugénie.

• Devil's IslandRelated: His government established the penal colony in French Guiana in 1852.

• Emir AbdelkaderRelated: His decision enabled Abdelkader to leave France for the Ottoman Empire.

• Battle of MagentaRelated: He directed French intervention alongside Sardinia in the campaign.

• Abdülmecid IRelated: His France fought alongside Abdülmecid’s empire against Russia.

• History of ParisRelated: His regime used urban rebuilding to modernize the capital and project imperial authority.

• Ignacio ZaragozaRelated: His policy sent the French army Zaragoza defeated at Puebla.

• Louis-Jules TrochuRelated: His defeat at Sedan precipitated the regime’s collapse and Trochu’s ascent to power.

• Napoleon IICompared with: Unlike Napoleon II, he successfully converted a Bonapartist claim into a lasting reign.

• Camillo Benso, Count of CavourRelated: Cavour secured French military support against Austria through an alliance with Napoleon III.

• Palace of FontainebleauRelated: He revived Fontainebleau as an imperial residence in the nineteenth century.

• Unification of Moldavia and WallachiaRelated: French support for union influenced the diplomatic settlement after the Crimean War.