KnowraNeutralizing AntibodyNeutralizing AntibodyA neutralizing antibody binds a pathogen or toxin and blocks its ability to enter cells, spread, or cause harm.BriefConnectAntibody: An immune protein that specifically binds an antigen through variable regions. Neutralizing antibodies are a functional subset defined by what antigen binding does.Immunoglobulin G: The most abundant antibody class in blood, with roles in neutralization and other immune functions. Many durable circulating neutralizing antibodies belong to this class.Virus neutralization assay: A laboratory test that measures how well antibodies prevent viruses from infecting cells. It directly quantifies the defining activity of antiviral neutralizing antibodies.Vaccine: A preparation that stimulates immune protection against a specific pathogen or disease. Vaccines often aim to induce neutralizing antibodies before exposure to a pathogen.Broadly neutralizing antibody: An antibody that neutralizes multiple strains or variants within a pathogen group. Its breadth offers a route to protection despite substantial pathogen variation.Epitope: The part of an antigen recognized and bound by an antibody or immune receptor. The epitope’s location can determine whether antibody binding blocks infection.Antigen-binding fragment: The portion of an antibody containing its antigen-binding sites but lacking the Fc region. Fab fragments can test whether binding alone is sufficient for neutralization.Monoclonal antibody: A population of identical antibodies produced from one B-cell clone or engineered sequence. Therapeutic neutralizers are often manufactured as monoclonal antibodies.Correlate of protection: A measurable immune response associated with protection against infection or disease. Neutralizing antibody levels can serve as a correlate of protection for some vaccines.Neutralizing antibody titer: A measured concentration or dilution level at which antibodies prevent infection in a specified assay. Titers are used to estimate protection, but their meaning depends on assay and pathogen.Show all 27Linked from 9 pagesAntibody-producing cellsBroader topic: Plasma cells can secrete neutralizing antibodies that directly limit infection or toxin activity.Jonas SalkRelated: The vaccine prompts antibodies that can neutralize poliovirus before it reaches nerve tissue.Hepatitis B vaccineRelated: Antibodies against surface antigen can prevent hepatitis B virus from entering liver cells.COVID-19 vaccineRelated: COVID-19 vaccines can induce antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2 from entering cells.HPV vaccineRelated: Vaccination induces antibodies that can stop targeted HPV types from establishing infection.Polio vaccineRelated: Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies can prevent poliovirus from reaching nerve tissue.Rabies vaccineRelated: Rabies vaccination protects chiefly by prompting antibodies that neutralize the virus.Yellow fever vaccineRelated: Neutralizing antibodies are a principal measure of protection after vaccination.Show all 9