Linked from

The 57 pages that link to Parkinson's disease, each with the reason it gives.

• DopamineRelated: Dopamine loss in the nigrostriatal pathway contributes to its movement symptoms.

• Oxidative stressRelated: Oxidative damage is one proposed contributor to neuronal injury in the disease.

• GaitRelated: Short steps and reduced arm swing can appear in its walking pattern.

• Motor controlRelated: Its slowed movement and difficulty initiating actions reveal the role of basal-ganglia circuits.

• Basal gangliaRelated: Dopamine loss disrupts basal ganglia circuits and causes characteristic movement difficulties.

• Deep brain stimulationRelated: DBS can reduce motor symptoms when medication no longer provides adequate control.

• DysphagiaRelated: Its motor and sensory changes can impair swallowing coordination.

• Muhammad AliRelated: Ali’s later life with Parkinson’s disease altered public perceptions of his body and athletic legacy.

• NeuroinflammationRelated: Inflammatory responses in the brain are studied as contributors to neuronal vulnerability.

• GABARelated: GABAergic circuits in the basal ganglia help regulate movement and are altered in this disorder.

• HallucinationRelated: Visual hallucinations can occur in Parkinson’s disease, including in association with treatment.

• CatecholamineRelated: Loss of dopamine signaling motivates treatment with the catecholamine precursor L-DOPA.

• DysarthriaRelated: It can cause hypokinetic dysarthria, often involving reduced loudness and monotonous speech.

• OptogeneticsRelated: Optogenetic studies probe how basal-ganglia circuits contribute to parkinsonian symptoms.

• Mitochondrial dysfunctionRelated: Mitochondrial impairment is implicated in neuronal vulnerability and some inherited forms.

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitorRelated: Selective MAO-B inhibitors can extend dopamine activity and reduce motor symptoms.

• AnhedoniaRelated: Reward and motivation changes can accompany its motor symptoms.

• AnosmiaRelated: Olfactory loss can occur early in Parkinson's disease, sometimes before motor symptoms.

• Urinary incontinenceRelated: Its effects on mobility and neural control can contribute to urgency or difficulty reaching a toilet.

• Monoamine oxidaseRelated: MAO-B inhibitors can prolong dopamine action in the brain as part of its treatment.

• Postural controlRelated: Impaired postural responses can contribute to instability and falls.

• Restless legs syndromeRelated: Its dopaminergic biology and treatments overlap with restless legs syndrome, though the disorders differ.

• Dopamine receptorRelated: Dopamine receptor agonists can help compensate for reduced dopaminergic signaling.

• Gait analysisRelated: Step length, walking speed, and turning can quantify characteristic mobility changes.

• Vesicular monoamine transporter 2Related: VMAT2-mediated dopamine storage is relevant to dopaminergic treatment and neuronal vulnerability.

• AmantadineRelated: Amantadine is used to ease selected motor symptoms in this disorder.

• Dance therapyRelated: Dance-based interventions may address mobility, balance, and quality of life.

• Stem-cell therapyRelated: Replacing dopamine-producing neurons with stem-cell-derived cells remains an active experimental strategy.

• HyposmiaRelated: Reduced olfactory function may occur early in the disease.

• MidbrainRelated: Degeneration of substantia nigra dopamine neurons contributes to its motor symptoms.

• DomperidoneRelated: Domperidone may treat nausea caused by Parkinson’s medicines without readily entering the brain.

• Michael J. FoxRelated: Fox disclosed his diagnosis in 1998 after living with symptoms for several years.

• SelegilineRelated: Selegiline can reduce motor symptoms as an adjunct to other Parkinson’s treatments.

• PramipexoleRelated: Pramipexole can relieve motor symptoms, alone early or with levodopa later.

• Billy ConnollyRelated: Connolly disclosed his diagnosis in 2013 and later spoke publicly about living with the condition.

• Llinás's lawRelated: Altered neural rhythms in Parkinson's disease illustrate how intrinsic activity can disrupt movement.

• ParaquatRelated: Research has examined possible links between paraquat exposure and Parkinson’s disease, without establishing simple causation.