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The 102 pages that link to Placebo effect, each with the reason it gives.

• PsychotherapyRelated: Expectations and treatment rituals can contribute to improvement alongside therapy techniques.

• MindfulnessCompared with: It is one alternative explanation researchers consider when assessing reported benefits of mindfulness programs.

• PseudoscienceRelated: Reported benefits can be real experiences without validating a pseudoscientific explanation for them.

• Traditional Chinese medicineRelated: It is one factor researchers must separate from treatment-specific effects in clinical trials.

• SerotoninRelated: Clinical outcomes from serotonergic medicines cannot by themselves prove a serotonin-deficiency cause.

• Adverse drug reactionCompared with: It contrasts with a harmful response caused by the medicine itself.

• MantraRelated: It matters when assessing claimed benefits of mantra practice without assuming a sound-specific cause.

• New AgeRelated: It is central to evaluating claims that New Age healing works beyond expectation and supportive care.

• PlaceboBroader topic: This is the outcome commonly attributed to placebo treatment, though it is not always caused by the placebo itself.

• Central sensitizationCompared with: Expectation can modulate pain through central pathways without being the same process as sensitization.

• QiCompared with: It offers one framework for effects attributed to qi-based treatments without establishing qi as a physical substance.

• Therapeutic allianceCompared with: Alliance effects are relational processes, not simply expectation-driven placebo responses.

• HypnosisCompared with: Expectation can shape both placebo responses and hypnotic experiences, but they are not identical.

• HomeopathyCompared with: It can explain reported improvement without confirming that a homeopathic remedy has a specific medicinal effect.

• Pain managementRelated: Expectations and clinical context can shape pain relief alongside a treatment's pharmacological effects.

• AcupunctureRelated: Acupuncture outcomes can include contextual effects that trials must separate from needling-specific effects.

• Self-fulfilling prophecyRelated: Treatment expectations can contribute to outcomes, though the mechanisms differ from many social prophecies.

• Barnum effectRelated: Both effects show how expectations can influence personal judgments, though the placebo effect concerns outcomes.

• AromatherapyRelated: Expectations and care rituals can contribute to reported benefits.

• Placebo-controlled trialRelated: The placebo group helps estimate effects shared by both treatment experiences.

• PsilocybinCompared with: Trials must separate psilocybin’s effects from expectations and the powerful session context.

• Somatic symptom disorderCompared with: Symptom improvement through expectation does not mean symptoms were fabricated or medically insignificant.

• Biopsychosocial modelRelated: Expectations can alter symptoms and physiology, linking psychological context to bodily outcomes.

• Complementary and alternative medicineRelated: It helps explain perceived benefit without establishing a therapy's proposed mechanism.

• Drug targetCompared with: It shows that treatment outcomes can arise without a drug acting on its intended target.

• Psychosomatic medicineRelated: It shows how expectation and therapeutic context can produce measurable bodily effects.

• Subtle bodyCompared with: Clinical effects of contemplative practice do not by themselves establish subtle-body anatomy.

• AnhedoniaRelated: It complicates trials measuring subjective changes in pleasure and motivation.

• Animal-assisted therapyCompared with: Expectations and attention can contribute to reported benefits, complicating claims about an animal’s specific effects.

• HopeRelated: Positive expectations can influence reported symptoms and some treatment responses, though hope is not itself a placebo.

• QigongRelated: Expectations can contribute to outcomes in qigong studies and complicate interpretation.

• Alternative medicineRelated: Expectations and care rituals can make a treatment feel effective even without its claimed mechanism.

• Hawthorne effectCompared with: It concerns responses to treatment expectations, not necessarily awareness of being observed.

• MediumshipRelated: Expectations and ritual settings may shape how participants experience a séance or reading.

• Psychiatric medicationRelated: Its contribution complicates estimates of how much improvement psychiatric drugs cause in trials.

• Relaxation techniqueRelated: Expectations and supportive settings can influence reported benefits of relaxation practice.

• Rhinoceros hornCompared with: It helps explain why reported benefits do not establish that horn itself is medicinally effective.

• Treatment-resistant depressionRelated: Placebo responses complicate trials measuring whether a new intervention overcomes resistance.

• Integrative medicineRelated: Separating specific effects from expectation is difficult when evaluating some complementary therapies.

• Self-deceptionCompared with: Expectations can change experience without requiring a false belief about oneself.

• Christian ScienceCompared with: It offers a different framework for interpreting some improvements associated with healing practices.

• Set and settingRelated: It illustrates how expectations and surroundings can alter reported effects without an active drug.

• Spirit possessionCompared with: Expectations can shape reported outcomes without establishing a supernatural cause.

• Divine healingCompared with: It offers a non-supernatural explanation for some improvements reported after healing rituals.

• Faith healingRelated: Expectations surrounding prayer or ritual can influence reported symptoms and some bodily responses.

• Migraine prophylaxisRelated: Preventive trials account for substantial placebo responses when estimating drug benefit.

• Pain catastrophizingCompared with: Expectations can shape pain, but placebo effects are not equivalent to catastrophizing.

• ReikiRelated: It is one proposed explanation for benefits reported after Reiki sessions.

• Compression garmentRelated: Expectations can influence subjective reports of comfort and recovery.

• Doctrine of signaturesCompared with: It helps distinguish perceived benefit from evidence that a plant treats the ailment its shape suggests.