Linked from

The 12 pages that link to Pope Innocent IV, each with the reason it gives.

• Frederick II, Holy Roman EmperorRelated: He convened the Council of Lyon that declared Frederick deposed in 1245.

• Pope Gregory IXRelated: His pontificate carried forward the confrontation with Frederick that had defined Gregory’s reign.

• Louis IX of FranceRelated: Their negotiations over the crusade and church authority reveal the limits of royal influence.

• MindaugasRelated: He authorized Mindaugas’s coronation and recognized the new kingdom’s Christian status.

• Béla IV of HungaryRelated: His pontificate overlapped with Béla’s efforts to secure Christian Europe against further Mongol attacks.

• Afonso III of PortugalRelated: He declared Sancho II unfit to rule and appointed Afonso governor and defender of Portugal.

• Clare of AssisiRelated: He approved the rule Clare wrote shortly before her death.

• Töregene KhatunRelated: His envoys addressed the Mongol court while Töregene held power.

• Conrad IV of GermanyRelated: He excommunicated Conrad and supported rival claims to German kingship.

• Daniel of GaliciaRelated: Innocent IV’s negotiations preceded Daniel’s royal coronation in 1253.

• Giovanni da Pian del CarpineRelated: He commissioned Carpine’s mission and sent letters demanding explanations for Mongol attacks.

• Order of Saint AugustineRelated: His initiatives helped prepare the institutional union completed after his pontificate.