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The 34 pages that link to Postmodern architecture, each with the reason it gives.

• Modern architectureCompared with: It directly challenged modernism’s preference for restrained form and limited historical reference.

• International StyleCompared with: Its architects challenged the International Style’s rejection of ornament and historical allusion.

• PostmodernismBroader topic: Architecture supplied some of postmodernism’s clearest public examples and earliest labels.

• Critical regionalismCompared with: Critical regionalism differs by grounding modern design in place rather than relying on stylistic quotation.

• Ludwig Mies van der RoheCompared with: Its critique of modernist restraint helps show the cultural limits later architects perceived in his legacy.

• Philip JohnsonBroader topic: Johnson’s later buildings became prominent examples of the movement he helped bring into view.

• DeconstructivismRelated: Both questioned modernist conventions, but Deconstructivism usually pursued formal disruption rather than historical quotation.

• Brutalist architectureCompared with: Its decorative references challenge Brutalism’s rejection of applied ornament.

• Form follows functionCompared with: It rejects the idea that practical function alone should determine architectural expression.

• Frank GehryNarrower topic: Gehry’s early work developed amid postmodern debates but followed a distinctive path.

• Jean-François LyotardRelated: Its pluralism offers a concrete cultural setting for debates about postmodernity and grand narratives.

• Adolf LoosCompared with: Postmodern architects challenged the anti-ornamental orthodoxy associated with Loos and modernism.

• Metabolism (architecture)Compared with: Its pluralist approach differed from Metabolism’s confidence in large-scale frameworks and technological growth.

• Mid-century modernCompared with: Its eclectic vocabulary challenged the austerity associated with modern design.

• Robert VenturiNarrower topic: Venturi’s buildings and writings helped establish this broader movement.

• I. M. PeiCompared with: Pei’s abstract forms offered a prominent alternative to postmodernism’s historical references.

• Claude-Nicolas LedouxRelated: Postmodern architects and critics revisited Ledoux’s expressive use of historical forms.

• Richard MeierCompared with: Its embrace of historical allusion contrasts with Meier’s continued reliance on abstract modernist forms.

• Toyo ItoNarrower topic: Ito’s career overlaps with postmodern debates, though his work increasingly pursued fluidity and abstraction.

• Aldo RossiNarrower topic: Rossi’s return to history and symbolism formed one strand of postmodern architectural debate.

• Álvaro Siza VieiraCompared with: Siza’s work retains modernist discipline rather than relying on explicit historical quotation.

• Arata IsozakiRelated: His work often used quotation and historical fragments without settling into a single postmodern style.

• Architectural theoryCompared with: Its challenge to modernist universals exposed competing views of history and communication.

• César PelliCompared with: Pelli’s work shared modernism’s clarity but generally avoided postmodern historical quotation.

• Kevin RocheCompared with: Postmodernism challenged the modernist institutional language that Roche continued to develop.

• Memphis GroupRelated: Its parallel challenge to modernist restraint situates Memphis within a wider design shift.

• Ada Louise HuxtableCompared with: Her writing scrutinized both modernist ideals and postmodernist responses to them.

• Architecture of GermanyCompared with: Its pluralism challenged modernism’s rejection of ornament and historical quotation.

• Architecture of IsraelCompared with: Postmodern work challenges the austere modernism that shaped many Israeli institutions and neighborhoods.

• Building designCompared with: It challenged modernism’s preference for restraint and universal expression.

• Hans HolleinNarrower topic: Hollein’s buildings are among the movement’s most prominent European examples.

• History of architectureCompared with: It disputed modernism's preference for abstraction and universal design principles.

• Jean NouvelCompared with: Nouvel’s work is often set apart from postmodernism’s more explicit historical quotation.

• Wang ShuCompared with: His historical references arise through materials and craft rather than postmodern quotation alone.