Linked from

The 131 pages that link to Randomized controlled trial, each with the reason it gives.

• Evidence-based medicineRelated: Random allocation can reduce confounding when estimating treatment effects.

• Causal inferenceRelated: Random assignment breaks confounding on average, giving a direct route to causal estimates.

• Placebo effectRelated: Placebo controls are its defining feature; the effect created the design's need.

• Traditional Chinese medicineRelated: Trials test specific Chinese medical interventions while limiting bias and confounding.

• Traditional medicineRelated: Its methods test defined treatments, but may not capture every feature of a complex healing system.

• AntioxidantRelated: Trials test whether antioxidant supplements improve health beyond biochemical plausibility.

• Personalized medicineRelated: Traditional trials estimate average effects that may obscure variation among patients.

• Development economicsRelated: Random assignment helps test whether specific anti-poverty interventions change outcomes.

• External validityRelated: Trial participants and conditions may differ from those encountered in routine practice.

• Selection biasRelated: Random assignment does not erase bias from selective recruitment, nonadherence, or attrition.

• Functional magnetic resonance imagingRelated: Careful randomized task designs help distinguish condition-related signals from confounds.

• Omega-3 fatty acidRelated: Trials provide direct evidence about whether omega-3 interventions improve health outcomes.

• ProbioticsRelated: Product-specific trials are needed because probiotic effects cannot be generalized across strains.

• Foreign aidRelated: Researchers use trials to test particular aid interventions, though findings may not generalize to whole aid systems.

• Health technology assessmentRelated: Trials often provide evidence on a technology’s efficacy and short-term harms.

• Null hypothesisRelated: A common null states that assignment to the intervention does not change the outcome.

• Effective altruismRelated: Trial evidence can guide intervention choices, though many important effects cannot be tested this way.

• HomeopathyRelated: Trials using this design have tested whether homeopathic remedies outperform placebo.

• RecidivismRelated: Random assignment can test whether an intervention changes subsequent offending or justice contact.

• AcupunctureRelated: Trials of acupuncture face distinctive challenges in blinding practitioners and choosing credible controls.

• EconometricsRelated: Random assignment provides a benchmark for measuring causal economic effects.

• Mindfulness-based stress reductionRelated: Trials help distinguish MBSR’s effects from attention, expectations, and other influences.

• Random number generationRelated: Random assignment helps balance confounding factors between treatment groups.

• Music therapyRelated: Trials can estimate intervention effects, while therapeutic outcomes and contexts may vary.

• Virtual reality exposure therapyRelated: Trials help establish how virtual exposure compares with established treatments and control conditions.

• Nudge theoryRelated: Trials can test whether a nudge changes behavior rather than merely seeming plausible.

• Ultra-processed foodRelated: A controlled feeding trial found higher calorie intake on an ultra-processed diet than an unprocessed diet.

• Nutritional epidemiologyRelated: Diet trials can strengthen causal inference, but long-term adherence and feasibility are challenging.

• Animal-assisted therapyRelated: Randomized comparisons can test benefits beyond attention, novelty, or usual care.

• DiceRelated: Physical randomization has sometimes used dice to assign participants.

• FlavonoidRelated: Trials can test specific flavonoid interventions, but compound choice and dose complicate comparisons.

• QigongRelated: Trials of qigong test whether reported benefits exceed effects of attention, expectation, and activity.

• Combination therapyRelated: Trials test whether a combination improves outcomes over its components or alternatives.

• Fecal microbiota transplantationRelated: Trials help distinguish treatment benefit from spontaneous recovery and other influences.

• Poverty reductionRelated: Trials can test whether a specific anti-poverty intervention caused measured changes.

• Alternative medicineRelated: It can test whether an alternative treatment improves outcomes beyond placebo and usual care.

• Hawthorne effectRelated: Random assignment helps control confounding, but does not by itself eliminate behavior changes from study participation.

• PsychopharmacologyRelated: Trials test whether psychiatric medications outperform placebo or another treatment.

• AkathisiaRelated: Trials can test treatments, but evidence for akathisia interventions remains limited.

• Art therapyRelated: Trials can test specific art therapy outcomes, though complex therapies are difficult to isolate.

• Control groupRelated: Random assignment makes differences between the control group and intervention group less systematic.

• Injury preventionRelated: Trials can test whether a prevention program actually reduces injuries.

• Vaccine efficacyRelated: Random allocation helps make outcome differences interpretable as effects of vaccination.

• National Bureau of Economic ResearchRelated: Experimental methods appear in NBER studies of labor, education, health, and development.

• Play therapyRelated: Trials can test outcomes, though varied methods and populations complicate comparisons.

• Dietary guidelinesRelated: Trials can test dietary interventions, though long-term whole-diet studies are difficult to conduct.

• Medical cannabisRelated: Few conditions have strong trial evidence across the range of cannabis products and doses.

• Medium-chain triglycerideRelated: Controlled trials are needed to separate MCT effects from changes in calories and other fats.

• Nutritional scienceRelated: Trials can test dietary interventions, though long-term diet studies are difficult to conduct.

• Biodynamic agricultureRelated: Controlled trials provide one way to test biodynamic treatments separately from whole-farm management.