Linked from

The 78 pages that link to Reform and Opening Up, each with the reason it gives.

• PerestroikaCompared with: China preserved one-party political control while its economic reforms advanced more steadily.

• Great Leap ForwardCompared with: Reform replaced campaign-style mobilization with incremental experimentation and stronger material incentives.

• Central planningCompared with: The reforms reduced direct planning while preserving extensive state direction.

• Japanese economic miracleCompared with: China’s later growth drew comparisons with Japan while following a distinct reform path and political setting.

• Đổi MớiCompared with: Vietnam borrowed elements of China’s reform sequence while following its own conditions.

• North Korean economyCompared with: China’s market-opening path highlights choices North Korea has limited or avoided.

• Hu YaobangCompared with: Economic reform advanced more durably than the political changes Hu supported.

• Russian privatizationCompared with: China expanded markets without a comparable rapid transfer of large state enterprises to private owners.

• Shock therapy (economics)Compared with: China's incremental sequencing provides a major contrast to rapid transition strategies.

• Wei JingshengCompared with: Economic liberalization proceeded without the democratic reforms Wei demanded.