Linked from

The 64 pages that link to September 11 attacks, each with the reason it gives.

• New York CityBroader topic: The attacks transformed the city’s skyline, security practices, and civic memory.

• Iraq WarRelated: The attacks reshaped U.S. threat perceptions, though Iraq was not responsible for them.

• NATORelated: The only occasion on which NATO invoked Article 5, in support of the United States.

• George W. BushRelated: The attacks transformed Bush’s presidency and prompted the declaration of a global war on terrorism.

• Federal Bureau of InvestigationRelated: The attacks prompted major changes in the FBI’s intelligence and counterterrorism priorities.

• War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)Related: The attacks prompted the U.S. demand that the Taliban hand over al-Qaeda leaders.

• IslamophobiaBroader topic: The attacks intensified public suspicion and discriminatory targeting of Muslims in many countries.

• 2003 invasion of IraqRelated: The attacks transformed U.S. threat perceptions and framed the administration’s case for preventive action.

• Al-QaedaBroader topic: The attacks were Al-Qaeda’s deadliest operation and prompted a global military response.

• War on TerrorRelated: The attacks triggered the campaign and shaped its initial focus on al-Qaeda and its Taliban hosts.

• CounterterrorismBroader topic: The attacks triggered major changes in U.S. and international security policy.

• Tony BlairRelated: The attacks reshaped Blair’s foreign policy and brought him into close alignment with George W. Bush.

• Osama bin LadenBroader topic: These attacks were al-Qaeda’s most consequential operation under bin Laden.

• CNNBroader topic: CNN’s sustained live coverage became a defining example of television news during a national emergency.

• Guantánamo Bay detention campNarrower topic: The attacks prompted the U.S. military campaign and detention policies that led to the camp.

• Intelligence analysisBroader topic: Reviews identified missed opportunities to connect intelligence about the emerging threat.

• Saudi Arabia–United States relationsRelated: The attackers’ Saudi nationality intensified scrutiny of the relationship and counterterrorism ties.

• JihadismBroader topic: The attacks brought jihadist violence to the center of global politics and security policy.

• NBC NewsRelated: NBC News’s continuous coverage illustrates the division’s role during national emergencies.

• Ahmad Shah MassoudRelated: The attacks followed Massoud’s assassination by two days and transformed international involvement in Afghanistan.

• Airport securityBroader topic: The attacks led to major changes in aviation security, including federalized passenger screening in the United States.

• New AtheismRelated: The attacks intensified public arguments about religion, extremism, and secular politics.

• Operation Enduring FreedomRelated: The attacks prompted the U.S. campaign against al-Qaeda and its Taliban sanctuary.

• Alan GreenspanRelated: The Fed under Greenspan supplied liquidity and lowered rates as markets reopened after the attacks.

• Collective defenseBroader topic: NATO invoked Article 5 for the first time in response to these attacks.

• Enhanced interrogation techniquesRelated: The attacks prompted the detention and interrogation policies later described with this label.

• Mullah OmarRelated: The Taliban’s refusal to surrender bin Laden after the attacks helped trigger the U.S.-led invasion.

• Operation Iraqi FreedomRelated: The attacks transformed U.S. threat assessments and helped shape the political climate for war.

• Rudolph GiulianiRelated: Giuliani’s response as mayor made him a national figure and shaped his public legacy.

• Tom BrokawBroader topic: Brokaw's live coverage became a defining broadcast moment of his anchor years.

• Collective traumaBroader topic: The attacks produced shared grief and transformed public memory and civic life.

• Donald RumsfeldRelated: The attacks transformed Rumsfeld’s agenda and prompted the U.S. military campaign in Afghanistan.

• Media spectacleBroader topic: Repeated images of the attacks and their aftermath shaped global political attention.

• Salafi jihadismBroader topic: The attacks triggered a global military and political response to transnational jihadist organizations.

• The CorrectionsRelated: Its publication in the attacks’ aftermath shaped discussion of the novel’s portrayal of American society.

• Ayman al-ZawahiriRelated: Al-Zawahiri was a senior al-Qaeda figure as the organization planned and carried out the attacks.

• Dick CheneyRelated: Cheney helped direct the administration’s response while serving as vice president.

• Northern AllianceRelated: The attacks prompted US military action in Afghanistan alongside alliance forces.

• Clash of CivilizationsRelated: The attacks revived public debate about whether conflict between Islam and the West fit Huntington’s framework.

• Port Authority of New York and New JerseyRelated: The attacks destroyed the original World Trade Center and transformed the agency’s responsibilities and finances.

• Don DeLilloRelated: DeLillo addressed their cultural aftermath in his fiction and essay writing.

• Egyptian Islamic JihadRelated: Al-Zawahiri’s senior role in al-Qaeda linked the Egyptian organization’s leadership to the group behind the attacks.

• New York Daily NewsRelated: The Daily News’s reporting on the attacks and their aftermath earned a Pulitzer Prize for Public Service.

• Patriot ActRelated: The attacks created the immediate political impetus for the law.

• Peter JenningsRelated: Jennings anchored ABC's extensive coverage, including broadcasts that continued through the night.

• Khalid Sheikh MohammedRelated: Mohammed is accused of planning the attacks, whose prosecution has centered on his case.

• Robert MuellerRelated: Mueller became FBI director shortly before the attacks, which redirected the bureau’s priorities.

• World Trade CenterRelated: The attacks destroyed the twin towers and transformed the site’s purpose and public meaning.

• 1990sCompared with: They mark a sharp historical break from the decade’s prevailing post-Cold War frame.

• 2000sRelated: The attacks defined the decade’s security politics and helped trigger wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.