Linked from

The 33 pages that link to Sparta, each with the reason it gives.

• ThucydidesRelated: Sparta was Athens’ principal rival in the war Thucydides chronicled.

• Ancient GreeceBroader topic: Sparta shows a distinct alternative to Athens's political and social order.

• Archaic GreeceBroader topic: Its distinct institutions offer a contrast to other poleis of the period.

• OligarchyRelated: Its layered institutions concentrated authority among a narrow citizen elite.

• Olympic truceRelated: Sparta was fined after violating the truce by attacking Elis during a protected period.

• PolisBroader topic: Its disciplined, oligarchic society sharply differed from Athens.

• Peloponnesian LeagueBroader topic: Sparta founded the alliance and remained its dominant member.

• Battle of LeuctraNarrower topic: Its attempt to preserve supremacy brought its army into conflict with Thebes.

• MacedonCompared with: Its independent political tradition contrasted with Macedon’s centralized monarchy.

• PeloponneseBroader topic: It became the peninsula’s most powerful ancient land-based state.

• Classical GreeceCompared with: Its oligarchic institutions and social order contrasted with democratic Athens.

• LysanderNarrower topic: Lysander served Sparta and pursued its victory over Athens.

• Boeotian LeagueCompared with: Conflict with Sparta shaped the league’s rise and its campaigns in the fourth century BCE.

• CimonCompared with: Cimon urged alliance with this rival, even as Athenian distrust deepened.

• Cleisthenes (Athenian statesman)Related: King Cleomenes I intervened in Athens on Isagoras’ side, provoking resistance to foreign-backed rule.

• Cyrus the YoungerRelated: Spartan support helped Cyrus recruit Greek soldiers for his campaign.

• Thirty TyrantsRelated: Sparta was the victorious power behind the settlement that enabled the Thirty.

• Greek city-stateBroader topic: Sparta offers a sharply different political and social model from Athens.

• Thucydides TrapBroader topic: Its fear of Athenian expansion is the established-power side of the original analogy.

• Chremonidean WarRelated: Sparta joined Athens in opposing Macedonian supremacy.

• City-stateBroader topic: Sparta shows how a city-state could govern a wide territory through conquest and dependent populations.

• Battle of CunaxaRelated: Cyrus recruited Greek soldiers with Spartan connections and support.

• Messenian WarsNarrower topic: Spartan expansion into neighboring Messenia set the wars in motion.

• PhilopoemenRelated: Spartan power was the principal regional rival against which Megalopolis and the League organized.

• Amyntas III of MacedonRelated: Amyntas sought Spartan support against Olynthus and the Chalcidian League.

• Cleomenean WarNarrower topic: Its political system and regional ambitions shaped the Spartan side of the conflict.

• First Messenian WarRelated: The war’s aggressor, Sparta sought control of the fertile Messenian plain.

• Leonidas INarrower topic: Leonidas’s authority and army came from this city-state.

• Second Messenian WarNarrower topic: Sparta’s victory preserved its control over Messenia and strengthened its dependence on helot labor.

• Ancient CorinthCompared with: Sparta’s inland military power contrasted with Corinth’s commercial and maritime orientation.

• History of AthensCompared with: Its rivalry with Athens shaped the Peloponnesian War and competing models of Greek power.

• History of GreeceBroader topic: Its political and military system offered a durable rival to Athens.

• War against NabisNarrower topic: The war targeted its ruler and sharply reduced its independence.