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The 46 pages that link to Vertebral column, each with the reason it gives.

• SnakeRelated: Many trunk vertebrae give snakes flexibility and anchor their ribs and muscles.

• Caudal finRelated: Its endpoint and extension shape the internal structure of fish tails.

• QuadrupedalismRelated: Spinal structure influences how the trunk moves between the supporting limbs.

• NotochordRelated: In most vertebrates, vertebrae develop around the notochord and largely replace its support role.

• MosasaurRelated: A flexible spine helped transmit powerful swimming movements along the mosasaur body.

• IchthyosauriaRelated: Its shape and flexibility were adapted to powerful swimming movements.

• PlesiosaurRelated: Its many neck vertebrae helped define the proportions of long-necked plesiosaurs.

• Fish anatomyRelated: It forms the central axial framework in most fishes.

• AmbulocetusRelated: Its form provides evidence about the body movements Ambulocetus used while swimming.

• BasilosaurusRelated: Basilosaurus’s many elongated vertebrae produced its distinctive serpentine profile.

• Postcranial skeletonRelated: It forms the central axis of the postcranial skeleton.

• Snake evolutionRelated: Vertebral counts and shapes help distinguish snake fossils and trace body evolution.

• Vertebrate evolutionRelated: Its changing form records a defining structural feature of vertebrate history.

• SauropodomorphaRelated: Elongated neck vertebrae helped sauropods reach vegetation without moving their massive bodies.

• Cetacean locomotionRelated: Its flexibility allows the trunk to contribute to swimming motions.

• IchthyostegaRelated: Ichthyostega had a substantial backbone suited to supporting its body outside water.

• AmphisbaeniaRelated: Numerous vertebrae give worm lizards flexibility and support for burrowing.

• MesosaurusRelated: Mesosaurus's long trunk and tail vertebrae contributed to its swimming profile.

• EuparkeriaRelated: Its preserved vertebrae contribute to reconstructions of body support and movement.

• OphthalmosaurusRelated: Its vertebrae helped form the flexible trunk and tail used in swimming.

• TriadobatrachusRelated: Its numerous vertebrae contrast with the shortened backbone of modern frogs.

• AnoplotheriumRelated: The genus’s remarkable tail length makes its vertebral anatomy especially relevant.

• Manx catRelated: Differences in the lower vertebrae underlie both tail variation and related health risks.

• PorcupineRelated: Porcupine quills are one kind of defensive spine, distinct from fish spines and plant thorns.

• CyclostomiRelated: Cyclostomes have vertebral elements, though their degree of development differs between hagfishes and lampreys.

• DallasaurusRelated: Its vertebrae preserve clues about Dallasaurus's body and locomotion.

• DrepanosauromorphaRelated: Tail vertebrae preserve the structure behind the group’s characteristic long tails.

• Human backRelated: It forms the central bony framework of the back.

• MicrosauriaRelated: Vertebral anatomy is central to identifying and comparing microsaur fossils.

• PleurosauridaeRelated: A long vertebral column gave pleurosaurids a flexible trunk and tail.