Linked from

The 28 pages that link to Washington Consensus, each with the reason it gives.

• International Monetary FundRelated: IMF programs became closely associated with these prescriptions, though the label oversimplifies varied policies.

• NeoliberalismRelated: Its prescriptions became a major framework for neoliberal reforms in developing economies.

• World BankRelated: The World Bank helped promote reforms often grouped under this label.

• PrivatizationRelated: Privatization became one of its prominent recommendations for economic reform.

• Import substitution industrializationCompared with: Its advocacy of trade liberalization marked a policy turn away from prolonged import protection.

• Asian financial crisisCompared with: Its liberalization and fiscal-policy assumptions shaped, and were contested in, the crisis response.

• Development economicsCompared with: It contrasts with approaches that give industrial policy and state coordination a larger role.

• Reform and Opening UpCompared with: China’s development path did not simply follow this external reform template.

• Economic developmentRelated: Its reforms shaped development policy debates and prompted disputes over state and market roles.

• Structural adjustmentRelated: Its prescriptions overlap substantially with the reforms promoted through adjustment lending.

• Export-oriented industrializationRelated: Its trade and investment recommendations overlap with some, but not all, export strategies.

• Public ownershipRelated: Its privatization agenda prompted shifts away from public ownership in many countries.

• Latin AmericaRelated: Its reforms shaped economic debates and policy changes in several Latin American countries.

• Joseph StiglitzCompared with: Stiglitz challenged its standardized prescriptions when they ignored local conditions and information failures.

• New International Economic OrderCompared with: Its later influence marked a turn away from the program's emphasis on collective regulation and redistribution.

• Economic liberalizationRelated: It gave liberalization a prominent policy template during the 1980s and 1990s.

• Made in China 2025Compared with: Its emphasis on liberalization differs from Made in China 2025's targeted industrial support.

• Shock therapy (economics)Related: Its policy agenda overlapped with reforms later grouped under shock therapy.

• Carlos MenemRelated: Menem’s government adopted policies associated with its emphasis on privatization, deregulation, and fiscal restraint.

• International Development AssociationCompared with: IDA policy debates often intersect with criticism of externally promoted reform agendas.

• DevelopmentalismCompared with: Its prescriptions often displaced state-led development strategies in the 1980s and 1990s.

• Jeffrey SachsRelated: Sachs’s reform advice is often discussed alongside, but is not identical to, this policy agenda.

• Yegor GaidarRelated: Its emphasis on liberalization and stabilization overlaps with parts of Gaidar’s reform agenda.

• Dambisa MoyoCompared with: Its policy legacy forms part of the wider dispute over how economies should achieve growth.

• Four Asian TigersCompared with: The Tigers’ active industrial policies complicate accounts that attribute growth mainly to market liberalization.

• Ha-Joon ChangCompared with: Chang criticizes its standardized prescriptions for neglecting historical context and national policy choices.

• Latin American economyRelated: Its reforms reshaped privatization, trade policy, and public finance across the region.

• Sixto Durán BallénRelated: His administration’s liberalizing economic policies fit this wider reform agenda.