Linked from

The 38 pages that link to Import substitution industrialization, each with the reason it gives.

• International tradeCompared with: It seeks industrial growth by replacing imports rather than expanding reliance on trade.

• Dependency theoryRelated: It was proposed as a way to reduce reliance on imported manufactures and external markets.

• Washington ConsensusCompared with: Its protectionist approach contrasts with the Consensus’s call for trade liberalization.

• Japanese economic miracleCompared with: Its emphasis on replacing imports differs from Japan’s growing reliance on manufactured exports.

• PeronismRelated: Peronist governments promoted domestic industry to reduce reliance on imports.

• Economic nationalismRelated: It became a major twentieth-century strategy for building national industry behind trade barriers.

• Industrial policyBroader topic: It was a prominent industrial-policy strategy across Latin America and other regions in the twentieth century.

• ProtectionismBroader topic: It applied protection systematically to foster industrialization in many countries.

• Structural adjustmentCompared with: It contrasts with adjustment programs that typically favored trade opening and reduced protection.

• Export-oriented industrializationCompared with: Its emphasis on serving domestic markets contrasts with export-oriented production.

• Latin AmericaRelated: Many Latin American governments used it to build industry during the twentieth century.

• Developmental stateCompared with: It offers a different route to industrialization than export-led development.

• Arab socialismRelated: Arab socialist governments used it to reduce dependence on foreign manufactures.

• Infant industry argumentBroader topic: It expanded the infant-industry rationale into a broad approach to industrial development.

• AutarkyRelated: It pursues self-reliance by building domestic industries behind trade barriers.

• Economic diversificationCompared with: It can broaden industry, but focuses on replacing imports rather than diversification itself.

• Terms of tradeRelated: It has been used to address concerns about dependence on imports and export-price shifts.

• Trade policyBroader topic: It uses protection and industrial support to build local industries.

• Arusha DeclarationCompared with: It offers a different policy route to economic self-reliance than the declaration’s wider socialist program.

• Brazilian industrializationNarrower topic: Brazilian industrialization became a major national example of this development strategy.

• Fernando Henrique CardosoCompared with: Cardoso’s market-oriented reforms departed from the state-led industrial model prominent in earlier Brazilian development.

• Turgut ÖzalCompared with: Özal’s export push departed from the protectionist model that had shaped earlier Turkish policy.

• Marcos Pérez JiménezRelated: The government used state investment and protection to expand Venezuelan industry.

• Mexican miracleRelated: Mexico used tariffs, import controls, and support for local firms to expand manufacturing.

• Friedrich ListRelated: Its use of protection to build local manufacturing echoes List’s infant-industry reasoning.

• Arturo FrondiziRelated: Frondizi’s industrial drive extended Argentina’s effort to build production at home.

• Infamous DecadeRelated: Trade disruption during the period accelerated Argentina’s industrial development.

• DevelopmentalismRelated: It is a common route for building domestic industry under developmentalist policies.

• Albert O. HirschmanRelated: Hirschman analyzed this strategy’s bottlenecks and the pressures that could stimulate local industry.

• Aliko DangoteRelated: His move into local production aligned with efforts to reduce Nigeria’s reliance on imported goods.

• Economy of NigeriaCompared with: Nigeria’s efforts to expand local production reveal the limits and trade-offs of this strategy.

• Paul KrugmanRelated: Krugman’s trade frameworks help analyze the costs and limits of protection-based industrial policy.

• Dangote GroupNarrower topic: The group’s manufacturing expansion fits Nigeria’s effort to replace imported products with local output.

• Economy of South KoreaCompared with: It contrasts with South Korea’s stronger emphasis on exporting manufactured goods.

• Four Asian TigersCompared with: It contrasts with the Tigers’ emphasis on producing for export markets.

• Latin American economyCompared with: It provides a clear alternative to growth strategies centered on open trade and exports.

• Sixto Durán BallénCompared with: This protectionist approach contrasts with the market opening pursued under his administration.

• Socialist nationalismRelated: National development programs often used it to build domestic industry and reduce economic dependence.