Linked from

The 90 pages that link to Language shift, each with the reason it gives.

• Language revitalizationCompared with: Revitalization works against the social forces that move speakers toward a dominant language.

• Language contactRelated: Unequal contact may change which language a community uses, not just how it speaks.

• Language policyRelated: Policy can accelerate or slow shifts by shaping education, work, and public communication.

• DiglossiaRelated: Changes in functional domains can contribute to a variety losing everyday or institutional use.

• Bantu expansionRelated: Language adoption could spread Bantu languages without requiring population replacement.

• Language endangermentRelated: It describes how speakers move their daily communication toward a dominant language.

• Austronesian expansionRelated: Austronesian language spread need not imply equivalent mass movement of people.

• Language standardizationRelated: Institutional preference for a standard language can weaken other languages’ public domains.

• Language planningCompared with: Shift can occur despite planning intended to maintain a language.

• AssimilationRelated: A dominant language can replace a group’s heritage language across generations.

• Cultural imperialismRelated: Prestige and institutional power can displace local languages in daily life.

• Hawaiian languageNarrower topic: The shift toward English reduced Hawaiian transmission across generations.

• Cultural assimilationRelated: Adopting a dominant language can ease participation while weakening transmission of an original language.

• Endangered languageRelated: A community may shift toward a dominant language even while older speakers retain the ancestral one.

• Indo-European migrationsRelated: Language can spread through migration, social dominance, or adoption without complete population replacement.

• Ukrainian languageNarrower topic: Changing language use helps explain the coexistence of Ukrainian and Russian in Ukraine.

• Proto-Indo-EuropeansRelated: It shows why language spread need not match population replacement or genetic ancestry.

• Scottish GaelicRelated: The historical shift toward English explains much of Gaelic’s loss of speakers and domains.

• BilingualismRelated: A community's bilingualism may be transitional when use of a less dominant language declines.

• Language deathRelated: A community’s shift to a dominant language can bring the declining language to an end.

• Linguistic discriminationRelated: Stigma and institutional pressure can encourage communities to abandon a less-valued language.

• Linguistic imperialismRelated: Unequal pressures can lead families to abandon a less powerful language.

• Official languageRelated: Public institutions operating mainly in one language can contribute to pressure on other languages.

• Lingua francaRelated: A widely used lingua franca can contribute to declining use of local languages.

• MultilingualismCompared with: It shows how multilingual settings can lead to declining use of a less dominant language.

• Kurgan hypothesisRelated: Migration and ancestry do not prove which language newcomers or local communities used.

• Scots languageNarrower topic: The expansion of English has affected Scots use, transmission, and public visibility.

• CantoneseRelated: Changing language habits affect Cantonese transmission in families and schools.

• ArabizationNarrower topic: Arabization is a historically specific pattern of language shift, often accompanied by cultural change.

• Breton languageNarrower topic: Breton’s decline in everyday transmission is a major instance of language shift.

• Heritage languageRelated: Heritage languages often persist within families as public life shifts toward a dominant language.

• Indigenous languages of the AmericasRelated: It describes how social pressure and unequal institutions can interrupt language transmission.

• AssimilationismRelated: Pressure to use a dominant language can reduce transmission of a subordinated group's language.

• Indo-Aryan migrationRelated: It explains how Indo-Aryan languages could spread without a simple one-to-one match between migration and ancestry.

• Language of instructionRelated: Schooling in a dominant language can contribute to reduced use of minority languages.

• Standard ChineseRelated: Promotion of the standard can expand shared communication while pressuring local languages.

• Anatolian hypothesisRelated: The hypothesis must explain how farming-linked migration produced lasting language replacement.

• Galician languageRelated: Shifts toward Spanish have reduced Galician use in some communities and contexts.

• Indigenous language revitalizationRelated: Shift describes the decline in everyday use that revitalization efforts seek to reverse.

• Language attritionCompared with: Shift describes a community-level change in language use, while attrition describes weakening in individuals.

• Wu ChineseRelated: Mandarin dominance has reduced everyday Wu use in some settings.

• Linguistic diversityRelated: Shift explains how social and institutional pressures can reduce the number of languages in use.

• Māori language revitalizationCompared with: Revitalization seeks to reverse the intergenerational shift away from te reo Māori.

• Hakka ChineseRelated: Language shift has reduced Hakka use in some communities and households.

• Tok PisinRelated: Tok Pisin’s spread can accompany shifts in the use of local languages, though outcomes vary by community.

• Ainu languageNarrower topic: Ainu’s decline is part of a broader shift toward Japanese.

• Irish language revivalCompared with: The revival seeks to reverse the long shift from Irish toward English.

• PersianizationNarrower topic: Persianization could spread cultural forms without producing a complete shift to Persian.

• Polynesian outlierRelated: Some outlier communities face pressure from larger regional languages and changing institutions.

• German dialectsRelated: Changing transmission can reduce the everyday use of local German dialects.