Linked from

The 90 pages that link to Language shift, each with the reason it gives.

• Language contactRelated: Unequal contact may change which language a community uses, not just how it speaks.

• Language policyRelated: Policy can accelerate or slow shifts by shaping education, work, and public communication.

• DiglossiaRelated: Changes in functional domains can contribute to a variety losing everyday or institutional use.

• Bantu expansionRelated: Language adoption could spread Bantu languages without requiring population replacement.

• Language endangermentRelated: It describes how speakers move their daily communication toward a dominant language.

• Austronesian expansionRelated: Austronesian language spread need not imply equivalent mass movement of people.

• Language standardizationRelated: Institutional preference for a standard language can weaken other languages’ public domains.

• AssimilationRelated: A dominant language can replace a group’s heritage language across generations.

• Cultural imperialismRelated: Prestige and institutional power can displace local languages in daily life.

• Cultural assimilationRelated: Adopting a dominant language can ease participation while weakening transmission of an original language.

• Endangered languageRelated: A community may shift toward a dominant language even while older speakers retain the ancestral one.

• Indo-European migrationsRelated: Language can spread through migration, social dominance, or adoption without complete population replacement.

• Proto-Indo-EuropeansRelated: It shows why language spread need not match population replacement or genetic ancestry.

• Scottish GaelicRelated: The historical shift toward English explains much of Gaelic’s loss of speakers and domains.

• BilingualismRelated: A community's bilingualism may be transitional when use of a less dominant language declines.

• Language deathRelated: A community’s shift to a dominant language can bring the declining language to an end.

• Linguistic discriminationRelated: Stigma and institutional pressure can encourage communities to abandon a less-valued language.

• Linguistic imperialismRelated: Unequal pressures can lead families to abandon a less powerful language.

• Official languageRelated: Public institutions operating mainly in one language can contribute to pressure on other languages.

• Lingua francaRelated: A widely used lingua franca can contribute to declining use of local languages.

• Kurgan hypothesisRelated: Migration and ancestry do not prove which language newcomers or local communities used.

• CantoneseRelated: Changing language habits affect Cantonese transmission in families and schools.

• Heritage languageRelated: Heritage languages often persist within families as public life shifts toward a dominant language.

• Indigenous languages of the AmericasRelated: It describes how social pressure and unequal institutions can interrupt language transmission.

• AssimilationismRelated: Pressure to use a dominant language can reduce transmission of a subordinated group's language.

• Indo-Aryan migrationRelated: It explains how Indo-Aryan languages could spread without a simple one-to-one match between migration and ancestry.

• Language of instructionRelated: Schooling in a dominant language can contribute to reduced use of minority languages.

• Standard ChineseRelated: Promotion of the standard can expand shared communication while pressuring local languages.

• Anatolian hypothesisRelated: The hypothesis must explain how farming-linked migration produced lasting language replacement.

• Galician languageRelated: Shifts toward Spanish have reduced Galician use in some communities and contexts.

• Indigenous language revitalizationRelated: Shift describes the decline in everyday use that revitalization efforts seek to reverse.

• Wu ChineseRelated: Mandarin dominance has reduced everyday Wu use in some settings.

• Linguistic diversityRelated: Shift explains how social and institutional pressures can reduce the number of languages in use.

• Hakka ChineseRelated: Language shift has reduced Hakka use in some communities and households.

• Tok PisinRelated: Tok Pisin’s spread can accompany shifts in the use of local languages, though outcomes vary by community.

• Polynesian outlierRelated: Some outlier communities face pressure from larger regional languages and changing institutions.

• German dialectsRelated: Changing transmission can reduce the everyday use of local German dialects.

• Karelian languageRelated: Shifts toward Russian or Finnish reduce Karelian's use between generations.

• Mother-tongue educationRelated: Excluding a home language from schooling can reinforce pressures to use a dominant language.

• Sardinian languageRelated: The shift toward Italian helps explain why many Sardinian speakers use the language less often.

• Chamorro languageRelated: Chamorro's changing transmission reflects wider pressures that drive language shift.

• Chuvash languageRelated: Greater use of Russian can displace Chuvash in public and private life.

• Greenlandic languageRelated: Changing Danish and Greenlandic use has shaped language policy and community concerns.

• Hiligaynon languageRelated: Intergenerational use affects the future vitality of Hiligaynon in changing communities.

• Micronesian languagesRelated: It helps explain pressures on smaller Micronesian speech communities.

• Ojibwe languageRelated: Language shift helps explain declining transmission in some Ojibwe communities.

• Oto-Manguean languagesRelated: Spanish expansion has contributed to declining transmission in some Oto-Manguean communities.

• Steppe hypothesisRelated: Migration alone does not explain language spread; communities may also have shifted languages.

• Civilizing missionRelated: Colonial schooling and administration often elevated European languages over local ones.

• Fuzhou dialectRelated: A shift toward Mandarin can reduce everyday use of Fuzhou among younger speakers.