Linked from

The 15 pages that link to Li Hongzhang, each with the reason it gives.

• First Sino-Japanese WarRelated: He negotiated the peace settlement after the Qing defeat.

• Treaty of ShimonosekiRelated: His negotiations shaped China’s acceptance of the treaty’s military and financial terms.

• Self-Strengthening MovementRelated: He sponsored arsenals, shipyards, and regional forces central to Self-Strengthening.

• Empress Dowager CixiRelated: Cixi relied on his statecraft during crises while his regional power shaped the limits of central rule.

• Sino-French WarRelated: His negotiations helped end the war while preserving China’s face and avoiding an indemnity.

• Zeng GuofanRelated: Zeng mentored Li, who built a separate provincial army and later became a leading Qing official.

• Boxer ProtocolRelated: He represented the Qing court in negotiations over the settlement.

• Ryukyu DispositionRelated: His talks with Japan sought to contest or limit the consequences of the 1879 annexation.

• Nian RebellionRelated: He directed Qing operations against the Nian and helped defeat the rebellion.

• Eight-Nation AllianceRelated: He represented the Qing government in negotiations that followed the allied occupation.

• Tongzhi RestorationRelated: His military and administrative work linked suppression of rebellion with institutional rebuilding.

• TangshanRelated: He backed the mining enterprise that helped launch Tangshan’s modern industrial development.

• Mutual Defense Pact of the Southeastern ProvincesRelated: He was among the prominent officials involved in southeastern cooperation.