Linked from

The 68 pages that link to May Fourth Movement, each with the reason it gives.

• ConfucianismCompared with: Its critics made Confucianism a focal point in arguments over China’s modernization.

• Mao ZedongRelated: Its nationalism and iconoclasm helped shape the political milieu in which Mao became active.

• Chinese Communist PartyRelated: Its radical intellectual climate helped shape the party’s early milieu.

• Chinese Communist RevolutionRelated: Its radical debates helped shape the generation from which Chinese Communism grew.

• Chinese nationalismRelated: Its protests linked sovereignty claims with new ideas about culture and political change.

• Zhou EnlaiNarrower topic: The movement’s nationalism and student activism formed part of Zhou’s political milieu.

• Chinese literatureRelated: Its advocacy of vernacular writing reshaped modern literature’s language and aims.

• New Culture MovementRelated: The protest amplified New Culture ideas and gave them a mass political moment.

• Unequal treatiesRelated: Public anger at foreign privileges and the Versailles settlement fueled its emergence.

• Lu XunRelated: The movement’s call for cultural change shaped the debates surrounding his literary work.

• Chinese languageRelated: Its advocates helped advance vernacular writing over Classical Chinese.

• Northern ExpeditionRelated: Its nationalism and new political activism helped broaden support for revolutionary parties.

• ShandongRelated: The movement was sparked by decisions concerning former German concessions in Shandong.

• Treaty portsRelated: The movement opposed foreign imperialism and the unequal treaty order that treaty ports embodied.

• Vernacular ChineseRelated: Its writers made vernacular prose a vehicle for cultural renewal.

• Liu ShaoqiRelated: The movement’s political ferment formed part of the environment in which Liu became a revolutionary.

• Chinese democracy movementRelated: Its calls for political and cultural renewal helped shape later reformist currents.

• 1911 RevolutionRelated: Disappointment with the republic’s early failures helped fuel later political activism.

• Standard ChineseRelated: Its advocacy of vernacular writing helped establish the grammatical foundation of the modern standard.

• Twenty-One DemandsRelated: Anger over Shandong’s transfer drew on public opposition first sharpened by Japan’s demands.

• Chen DuxiuRelated: The protests strengthened Chen’s turn toward Marxism and revolutionary politics.

• Mao Zedong ThoughtRelated: Its political ferment helped create the intellectual setting for Chinese communism.

• Beiyang governmentRelated: The government’s response to the protests weakened its legitimacy and intensified political dissent.

• First United FrontNarrower topic: Its radical politics helped create the milieu from which Chinese communism emerged.

• Hu ShihRelated: Hu’s reformist writing shaped the intellectual climate surrounding the protests and their cultural aftermath.

• QingdaoRelated: The movement grew from anger over the decision to transfer German rights in Shandong to Japan.

• Tiananmen SquareRelated: Student protest traditions in Beijing provide an earlier context for the square’s later political gatherings.

• Liang QichaoRelated: Liang’s generation of public debate helped shape the environment from which the movement emerged.

• Peking UniversityRelated: Students and faculty associated with Peking University helped lead the protests that launched the movement.

• Duan QiruiBroader topic: Public anger over the settlement targeted the Beijing government associated with Duan.

• Classical Chinese proseRelated: Its writers helped establish vernacular prose as a modern alternative to classical literary writing.

• Ding LingRelated: Its challenges to tradition helped create the literary climate in which Ding Ling began writing.

• Mao DunRelated: Its demands for social reform formed part of the climate behind his early writing.

• Modern Chinese literatureBroader topic: The movement’s literary aftermath helped establish vernacular writing as a vehicle for modern public life.

• Chinese anarchismRelated: Anarchist ideas circulated within its wider debates over revolution, science, and social reform.

• Chinese political thoughtBroader topic: Its critiques of inherited traditions intensified modern disputes over Confucianism and political reform.

• Constitutional Protection MovementRelated: It arose amid the same era of republican crisis and intensified demands for political change.

• New ConfucianismRelated: Its attacks on inherited culture challenged Confucianism and set the terms of the movement’s response.

• New DemocracyNarrower topic: Its anti-imperialist legacy shaped the political setting in which New Democracy developed.

• Bo GuNarrower topic: The movement helped shape the generation of radical students that included Bo Gu.

• Cai YuanpeiBroader topic: Peking University students and faculty became central to the protest that erupted during Cai’s presidency.

• Century of HumiliationBroader topic: It turned anger over foreign concessions into a broad intellectual and political movement.

• Li DazhaoRelated: The protests intensified the anti-imperialist politics Li helped direct and interpret.

• Feng GuozhangRelated: The government Feng helped shape preceded the political crisis that fueled this movement.

• Four Books and Five ClassicsCompared with: Its reformers helped popularize challenges to classical learning and its institutions.

• Li JinhuiRelated: The period’s calls for modern education and cultural change shaped the setting for Li’s work.

• Student activismBroader topic: Student demonstrations in Beijing helped turn campus protest into a national political movement.

• The True Story of Ah QNarrower topic: The novella belongs to the literary ferment surrounding this period of reform and political crisis.

• Ba JinRelated: Its attacks on Confucian patriarchy and calls for individual freedom shaped the world of Ba Jin’s early fiction.

• Chinese cultureBroader topic: Its debates over tradition, science, and national identity reshaped modern Chinese intellectual life.