Linked from

The 170 pages that link to Nazi Germany, each with the reason it gives.

• World War IIRelated: Its rearmament and territorial expansion drove the European crisis toward war.

• Albert EinsteinRelated: The regime’s rise made Einstein, a Jewish intellectual, remain in the United States rather than return to Germany.

• The HolocaustNarrower topic: Its institutions and leaders directed persecution and genocide across Germany and occupied Europe.

• BerlinRelated: The regime ruled from Berlin and transformed the city through persecution, war, and destruction.

• BauhausRelated: Nazi pressure forced the Bauhaus to close in 1933.

• Francoist SpainCompared with: Franco cooperated with Hitler but did not make Spain a Nazi state.

• Max PlanckRelated: Planck’s institutional choices and family losses unfolded under this regime.

• University of GöttingenNarrower topic: Nazi policies expelled or dismissed Göttingen scholars and damaged its academic community.

• Hannah ArendtRelated: The regime’s persecution and rule prompted Arendt’s study of totalitarianism.

• TotalitarianismBroader topic: It is a central historical case of one-party rule, ideological mobilization, terror, and genocide.

• German ExpressionismRelated: Its cultural policy persecuted artists and removed Expressionist works from public collections.

• Hermann GöringNarrower topic: Göring helped build and govern the regime whose institutions carried out dictatorship and war.

• Nuremberg LawsCompared with: The laws' racist state policy contrasts with legal systems grounded in equal citizenship.

• German nationalismBroader topic: The regime radicalized exclusionary nationalism into racial persecution, aggressive war, and genocide.

• Erwin RommelNarrower topic: Rommel's military career unfolded within the regime whose wars and political system he served.

• Invasion of PolandRelated: Its leadership used the invasion to expand eastward and dismantle the Polish state.

• Konrad AdenauerCompared with: The regime removed Adenauer from office and persecuted him, making his postwar return a break with dictatorship.

• Emmy NoetherRelated: The regime’s dismissal of Jewish academics forced Noether to leave Göttingen in 1933.

• 1936 Summer OlympicsNarrower topic: The regime’s policies and public image defined the political setting of the Berlin Olympics.

• GestapoNarrower topic: The Gestapo derived its authority and purpose from the Nazi regime.

• Wernher von BraunNarrower topic: Von Braun’s wartime rocket work served this regime’s military program.

• Max ReinhardtRelated: The Nazi rise to power forced Reinhardt, who was Jewish, into exile.

• Richard StraussRelated: Strauss’s official position and conduct during this period remain subjects of historical scrutiny.

• Marlene DietrichCompared with: Dietrich rejected Nazi Germany and refused invitations to return for a state-backed career.

• Bayreuth FestivalNarrower topic: The festival operated under Nazi rule and received regime attention and support.

• Holocaust educationRelated: Its institutions organized persecution, deportation, and mass murder.

• Interwar periodBroader topic: Its rearmament and expansion directly dismantled the European postwar settlement.

• Nazi seizure of powerNarrower topic: The seizure of power established the regime whose institutions and policies followed.

• Axis powersBroader topic: Germany led the European Axis and drove its war of conquest.

• Allied-occupied GermanyNarrower topic: The occupation sought to dismantle the regime and address its institutions and crimes.

• Enabling Act of 1933Broader topic: The act established a legal instrument used during the regime’s consolidation.

• Far-right politicsBroader topic: Its racial state and expansionist war show the catastrophic reach of far-right rule.

• Communist Party of GermanyNarrower topic: After taking power, the regime outlawed the KPD and imprisoned or killed many members.

• GleichschaltungNarrower topic: Gleichschaltung helped establish the political and social order of the Nazi state.

• Paul von HindenburgRelated: Hitler’s appointment by Hindenburg helped bring this dictatorship into being.

• Walter GropiusRelated: Nazi authorities forced the Bauhaus to close, accelerating Gropius’s departure from Germany.

• German invasion of the Soviet UnionNarrower topic: Its leadership made the decision to conquer Soviet territory.

• The Protocols of the Elders of ZionBroader topic: Nazi propagandists circulated the Protocols as purported support for antisemitic ideology.

• Albert SpeerNarrower topic: Speer’s offices and choices are inseparable from the dictatorship he served.

• Black Mountain CollegeRelated: The college provided refuge and teaching posts for artists who fled Nazi persecution.

• Buchenwald concentration campNarrower topic: Buchenwald was created and operated within its dictatorship.

• Ernst RöhmNarrower topic: Röhm’s killing marked the regime’s use of extrajudicial murder to secure power.

• Federalism in GermanyCompared with: Postwar constitutional design sought to prevent renewed authoritarian centralization.

• Friedrich RatzelCompared with: Later expansionist uses of Lebensraum gave Ratzel’s vocabulary a destructive political afterlife.

• The Remains of the DayRelated: Darlington’s associations with German figures expose the stakes of his political misjudgments.

• Wilhelm FurtwänglerNarrower topic: Furtwängler’s decision to remain and work there shaped his public reputation.

• AutarkyBroader topic: Its Four Year Plan sought greater economic preparedness and reduced reliance on imports before war.

• Ludwig Mies van der RoheRelated: Political repression and the closure of the Bauhaus shaped his departure from Germany.

• OrdoliberalismRelated: The regime's coercive control sharpened ordoliberal concerns about the relationship between economic and political power.

• Richard WillstätterRelated: As a Jew, Willstätter faced the regime's persecution and left Germany after the Nazi rise to power.