Linked from

The 49 pages that link to Osteoderms, each with the reason it gives.

• CarapaceRelated: Dermal bone contributes to the carapace alongside modified ribs and vertebrae.

• CrocodylomorphaRelated: Many crocodylomorphs bore osteoderms that supported armor and sometimes aided body mechanics.

• ScuteCompared with: Osteoderms are dermal bone, unlike the keratin plates covering many turtle shells.

• XenarthraRelated: Osteoderms form the protective armor of armadillos.

• AnkylosauriaRelated: Osteoderms formed the extensive external armor characteristic of ankylosaurs.

• CrocodyliformesRelated: Many crocodyliforms bore osteoderms whose arrangement varied across lineages.

• Fish scaleCompared with: Osteoderms are larger dermal armor elements, not the typical overlapping scale covering.

• Turtle shellRelated: Unlike many other bony skin plates, the turtle shell’s main bones derive from the skeleton.

• StegosaurusRelated: Stegosaurus plates and tail spikes were bony structures embedded in the skin.

• ArchosauriformesRelated: Osteoderms occur in some archosauriform branches, including early crocodile-line relatives.

• Cranial ornamentationCompared with: Osteoderms can resemble cranial ornaments but are not skull bones.

• OssiconeCompared with: Ossicones project from the skull, unlike most osteoderms embedded in the skin.

• IguanodonRelated: Some Iguanodon specimens preserve associated ossified structures that inform anatomical study.

• TemnospondyliRelated: Some temnospondyls had body armor whose distribution offers clues to protection and terrestrial support.

• GlyptodonRelated: Its shell consisted of many fused osteoderms rather than a single bone.

• ThyreophoraBroader topic: Thyreophoran armor consists chiefly of osteoderms arranged in distinctive patterns.

• Dermal denticleCompared with: Osteoderms are dermal skeletons made of bone rather than denticle-like tissues.

• MosasaurusRelated: Small osteoderms supported the skin of mosasaurs without forming heavy armor.

• CeratosaurusBroader topic: Rows of small osteoderms are known from Ceratosaurus, an unusual feature among large theropods.

• Ground slothRelated: Osteoderms occur in the skin of some ground sloths, including Mylodon.

• SarcosuchusRelated: Rows of osteoderms reinforced Sarcosuchus's back and preserve evidence of its body covering.

• AnkylosaurusRelated: Its armor included osteoderms embedded in the skin.

• Gila monsterBroader topic: Bony skin plates beneath its scales provide armor against predators.

• TitanosauriaRelated: Some titanosaurs, especially saltasaurids, bore skin-embedded bony armor.

• Cuvier's dwarf caimanRelated: Its prominent osteoderms reinforce the body and help distinguish its armor.

• EdmontosaurusRelated: Small bony structures reported in Edmontosaurus skin have prompted debate about their function.

• EuoplocephalusRelated: Osteoderms formed the plates and other elements of Euoplocephalus’s armor.

• EuparkeriaRelated: Euparkeria fossils include small dorsal bony elements interpreted as possible osteoderms.

• KentrosaurusRelated: Stegosaur plates and spikes are skin-embedded bony structures.

• Legless lizardRelated: In several legless lizards, body osteoderms make the trunk rigid and constrain movement.

• NodosauridaeRelated: Nodosaurids used extensive osteoderm armor as their defining external protection.

• PhytosauriaRelated: Rows of osteoderms armored the backs of many phytosaurs.

• ProganochelysCompared with: Proganochelys had small bony skin elements, distinct from the large bones forming its shell.

• ScelidosaurusRelated: Its rows of skin-embedded bones formed the distinctive armor covering Scelidosaurus.

• Thorny devilRelated: Skin bones contribute to the thorny devil’s armored, spiny appearance.

• AetosauriaRelated: Rows of osteoderms formed the conspicuous armor covering an aetosaur's back and sides.

• AmargasaurusCompared with: A keratin-covered spine has been proposed as an alternative to a continuous sail.

• Nile monitorRelated: Nile monitors have small bony plates beneath their scales that reinforce the skin.

• PareiasauriaRelated: Rows of these plates armored the bodies of many pareiasaurs.

• PlacodontiaRelated: Heavy-bodied placodonts such as Placochelys carried bony armor over parts of the body.

• SaltasauridaeBroader topic: Saltasaurus and related forms preserve these dermal bones as armor.

• ScutosaurusRelated: Numerous osteoderms reinforced Scutosaurus’s skin as armor.

• SilesauridaeRelated: Silesaurid fossils preserve body armor in some taxa.

• AnguinaeRelated: Anguids often have body osteoderms beneath their scales.

• Animal shellCompared with: Osteoderms can armor the body without forming a continuous shell.

• CordylidaeRelated: Osteoderms reinforce the skin armor beneath scales in several cordylid species.

• Dwarf crocodileRelated: Osteoderms form the armored scales prominent on its back.

• MeiolaniaRelated: Bony rings around Meiolania’s tail were dermal armor beyond its main shell.

• TeleosauridaeRelated: Rows of osteoderms reinforced teleosaurid bodies and contributed to their armor.