Linked from

The 41 pages that link to Treaty of Nanking, each with the reason it gives.

• Hong KongRelated: It established the first formal transfer of Hong Kong territory to Britain.

• ShanghaiRelated: Its terms opened Shanghai to foreign trade and consular residence.

• First Opium WarBroader topic: It formalized Britain's victory and reshaped foreign trade.

• Convention of PekingRelated: It established the earlier territorial basis of British Hong Kong, which the convention enlarged.

• Handover of Hong KongRelated: It began British possession of Hong Kong Island, one part of the territory eventually transferred.

• NanjingBroader topic: The treaty bears the city’s name, though it was signed aboard a British ship nearby.

• Opium WarsBroader topic: It ceded Hong Kong Island and opened five treaty ports to British trade.

• Unequal treatiesBroader topic: It established the model of cession, indemnity, and port access that later treaties expanded.

• Canton SystemRelated: Its port openings replaced Guangzhou’s exclusive position with a broader treaty-port system.

• Fur tradeCompared with: Its port-centered commercial order contrasts with the fur trade’s reliance on frontier exchange networks.

• Second Opium WarRelated: Britain later sought to revise its terms, helping intensify the tensions behind the war.

• GuangzhouRelated: Its provisions ended Guangzhou’s monopoly on Western maritime trade.

• Tributary systemCompared with: Its imposed terms marked a shift away from Qing control over older diplomatic and commercial arrangements.

• Treaty portsBroader topic: It formally established the first five treaty ports.

• Treaty of TianjinRelated: Its limited port openings and commercial terms formed an earlier stage of treaty pressure.

• Opium tradeBroader topic: It formalized concessions won after China's attempt to suppress the trade.

• Sino-British Joint DeclarationRelated: It began the series of agreements behind British rule in Hong Kong.

• Bowring TreatyCompared with: Both agreements opened Asian markets to Britain, but Siam negotiated without first losing a war.

• Boxer ProtocolCompared with: It imposed earlier foreign concessions, while the Boxer Protocol followed a multinational occupation.

• British Hong KongRelated: It formalized the island’s cession after British occupation began.

• Lin ZexuBroader topic: The treaty records the unequal settlement that followed the conflict Lin’s campaign helped set in motion.

• LingnanRelated: Its terms ended Guangzhou’s exclusive role in British trade with China.

• New TerritoriesRelated: It began the sequence of territorial transfers that produced colonial Hong Kong.

• Yangtze River shippingRelated: Its treaty-port system reshaped commercial access to the lower Yangtze.

• Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong TerritoryCompared with: Unlike the convention, it transferred Hong Kong Island rather than leasing it for a fixed term.

• William JardineBroader topic: Its new trading arrangements fulfilled aims Jardine had pressed Britain to pursue.

• XiamenRelated: Its opening of Xiamen as a treaty port reshaped the city’s commerce and foreign presence.

• Xianfeng EmperorRelated: Its concessions established a precedent for foreign demands that intensified under Xianfeng.

• Century of HumiliationBroader topic: It inaugurated the unequal-treaty system associated with the period.

• Hong Kong IslandRelated: Its terms formally transferred the island into British control.

• Daoguang EmperorBroader topic: Daoguang’s government accepted this settlement after Britain’s military victories.

• James MathesonRelated: Its provisions changed the political and commercial setting for Matheson’s firm.

• GulangyuRelated: Its opening of Xiamen to foreign trade preceded Gulangyu’s international settlement.

• Xiamen IslandRelated: It opened Xiamen to foreign trade, shaping the island’s nineteenth-century development.

• History of Hong KongBroader topic: It established British possession of the island and began colonial Hong Kong.

• Foreign-controlled territories in ChinaRelated: It established an early precedent for territorial cession alongside treaty-port access.

• Henry John TempleBroader topic: The treaty embodied the unequal settlement produced by a war conducted under Palmerston’s foreign policy.

• History of MacauRelated: Hong Kong’s rise as a British port changed Macau’s commercial competition.

• History of ShanghaiRelated: Its terms opened Shanghai to foreign settlement and treaty-port commerce.

• HowquaRelated: Its terms helped dismantle Guangzhou’s exclusive position in foreign commerce.

• WuhuRelated: Its treaty-port system changed trade along the Yangtze, the commercial setting in which Wuhu later expanded.