Linked from

The 167 pages that link to European Union, each with the reason it gives.

• Cold WarRelated: European integration offered a lasting institutional response to the continent’s history of conflict and division.

• NationalismCompared with: Its pooled authority tests how national sovereignty can coexist with supranational governance.

• SovereigntyBroader topic: Its institutions illustrate how states pool parts of their sovereign decision-making.

• Hanseatic LeagueCompared with: It is a modern supranational structure, unlike the League’s loose association of towns and merchants.

• European Court of Human RightsCompared with: EU membership does not define the Court's jurisdiction; the Convention system has a broader membership.

• European integrationBroader topic: It is the most developed framework for integrating European countries.

• Social exclusionRelated: European policy debates helped establish social exclusion as a major public-policy framework.

• Commonwealth of NationsCompared with: Unlike the Commonwealth, it can make certain rules legally binding on its members.

• European CommissionNarrower topic: The Commission is one of the EU’s central institutions.

• European Coal and Steel CommunityNarrower topic: The ECSC is an early institutional predecessor of the Union.

• Italian languageRelated: Italian is one of the European Union’s 24 official languages.

• SubsidiarityRelated: EU law made subsidiarity a formal test for when the Union should act.

• BelgiumNarrower topic: Belgium is a founding member, and Brussels hosts major EU institutions.

• FranceNarrower topic: France is a founding member and participates in shared European institutions and policies.

• InternationalismBroader topic: It demonstrates how international cooperation can develop into substantial shared governance.

• BrexitNarrower topic: Brexit withdrew the UK from this union and its institutional framework.

• Treaty of RomeNarrower topic: It is the later, broader political framework that grew from the communities established by the treaty.

• Maastricht TreatyNarrower topic: The treaty created the European Union and defined its initial institutional framework.

• European Economic CommunityNarrower topic: The EEC became part of this wider union through successive treaty changes.

• French Fifth RepublicRelated: France’s Fifth Republic has governed the country through successive stages of European integration.

• Westphalian sovereigntyBroader topic: Its pooled decision-making illustrates how states can constrain territorial authority by agreement.

• West GermanyNarrower topic: West Germany's integration helped shape the institutions that became the Union.

• Council of EuropeCompared with: It is a separate organization with deeper economic integration and a different membership.

• EuropeCompared with: Its membership is often mistaken for the boundaries of Europe itself.

• EurozoneNarrower topic: The Eurozone is a subset of the EU, not a synonym for it.

• StrasbourgNarrower topic: Strasbourg hosts one of the Union’s main institutions and recurring parliamentary sessions.

• Arab LeagueCompared with: The EU’s supranational powers contrast with the League’s emphasis on sovereign member-state decisions.

• Jürgen HabermasRelated: Habermas has argued for strengthening its democratic and constitutional foundations.

• North American Free Trade AgreementCompared with: Its deeper institutional integration contrasts with NAFTA’s focus on trade among sovereign states.

• Gulf Cooperation CouncilCompared with: Unlike the European Union, the council has limited authority to enforce common policies on member states.

• NetherlandsRelated: The Netherlands was a founding participant in postwar European integration.

• Soft powerRelated: Its regulatory model and promise of membership can attract neighboring states and shape standards.

• EuromaidanNarrower topic: The suspended agreement concerned Ukraine’s closer political and economic association with this union.

• EuroscepticismRelated: Its institutions and authority are central targets of Eurosceptic arguments.

• SupranationalismBroader topic: It is the most developed contemporary example of supranational governance.

• GermanyRelated: Germany is a founding member and one of the union’s largest states.

• Post-Soviet statesCompared with: Its integration model contrasts with the looser and Russia-centered frameworks adopted by some former republics.

• SpainNarrower topic: Spain’s membership places its laws, trade, and policies within a wider European framework.

• European Single MarketNarrower topic: The Single Market is one of the EU’s core economic arrangements, not the whole union.

• French GuianaRelated: French Guiana is an EU outermost region despite being geographically in South America.

• HungaryRelated: Hungary joined in 2004, shaping its trade, regulation, and political relations.

• Schengen AreaNarrower topic: The EU is the broader organization that includes many, but not all, Schengen participants.

• DenmarkCompared with: Denmark belongs to the union but keeps the krone and has negotiated policy opt-outs.

• Enlargement of the European UnionNarrower topic: Enlargement is the process through which this union gains members.

• European Free Trade AssociationCompared with: The EU integrates more deeply than EFTA and includes none of its four members today.

• Political geographyCompared with: It complicates the assumption that political authority is contained within national borders.

• SerbiaCompared with: Serbia is a candidate country, not an EU member.

• European Food Safety AuthorityNarrower topic: EFSA is an agency within the Union’s system of institutions and regulation.

• Jean MonnetNarrower topic: The Union developed from the integration project Monnet helped set in motion.

• LithuaniaRelated: Lithuania joined in 2004 and participates in the union’s common policies.