Linked from

The 344 pages that link to Ottoman Empire, each with the reason it gives.

• Crimean WarRelated: The Ottoman government’s sovereignty was the central issue contested by Russia and its allies.

• CaliphateRelated: Ottoman rulers connected imperial sovereignty with claims to caliphal leadership.

• Turkic peoplesRelated: Its long rule shaped Turkish history and influenced neighboring Turkic communities.

• Ottoman–Habsburg warsRelated: Its expansion into southeastern Europe brought it into sustained conflict with the Habsburgs.

• AnatoliaRelated: Its rise from Anatolia reshaped the peninsula and the surrounding regions.

• Russian conquest of the CaucasusRelated: Ottoman-Russian rivalry shaped the western Caucasus frontier and its eventual settlement.

• Crimean KhanateRelated: Ottoman protection and suzerainty strengthened the khanate while preserving its internal rule.

• Gunpowder warfareRelated: Ottoman forces became prominent users of firearms and heavy artillery during the technology's spread.

• Abu HanifaRelated: The empire adopted Hanafi jurisprudence as its principal legal school, extending Abu Hanifa’s legacy.

• Gallipoli campaignRelated: The Ottomans controlled the Dardanelles and defended the peninsula.

• Qajar IranRelated: The Ottoman state was Iran’s western rival and neighbor, with recurring disputes over borders and influence.

• Great Turkish WarRelated: The conflict exposed its military setbacks and forced major territorial concessions.

• Treaty of Paris (1856)Related: The treaty affirmed Ottoman territorial integrity under the guarantee of the powers.

• Alhambra DecreeRelated: Its territories became a major refuge and destination for Jewish exiles from Iberia.

• Caucasian WarRelated: Ottoman influence and rivalry shaped diplomacy and loyalties around the western Caucasus.

• Treaty of San StefanoRelated: The treaty imposed territorial losses and restrictions on the Ottoman state.

• WaqfRelated: Ottoman waqfs financed urban services and shaped the administration of charitable property.

• BessarabiaRelated: Ottoman suzerainty over Moldavia shaped the region before Russia expanded westward.

• SarajevoRelated: Ottoman rule began Sarajevo’s development as a regional city in the fifteenth century.

• Ivan III of RussiaRelated: Its conquest of Constantinople preceded Ivan’s marriage to a Byzantine princess and shaped the era’s political symbolism.

• Ibn SaudRelated: Its retreat from Arabia changed the regional balance in which Ibn Saud expanded his rule.

• Seljuk dynastyRelated: The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum preceded the fragmented Anatolian political landscape in which Ottoman power arose.

• Seljuk Sultanate of RûmRelated: The Ottoman state emerged among the Anatolian principalities that followed Seljuk decline.

• MaturidismRelated: Ottoman institutions helped make Maturidi theology prominent in Sunni religious education.

• Siege of Vienna (1683)Related: The failed campaign marked a turning point in its expansion into central Europe.

• Sultanate of RumRelated: The Ottoman dynasty rose from the post-Seljuk Anatolian political landscape.

• WallachiaRelated: Wallachia became an Ottoman tributary principality while retaining its own rulers and institutions.

• BalkansRelated: Centuries of Ottoman rule shaped population patterns, religious life, and political legacies across the Balkans.

• Hand cannonRelated: Ottoman armies used early firearms as hand cannons spread through Eurasian military networks.

• Leo AfricanusRelated: Ottoman expansion and Mediterranean rivalry formed part of the political world his travels crossed.

• Theodor HerzlRelated: Herzl sought Ottoman approval for a Jewish charter in Palestine, without securing it.

• Treaty of GeorgievskRelated: Ottoman influence in the Caucasus formed part of the regional rivalry behind the agreement.

• Adal SultanateRelated: Ottoman support supplied Adal with firearms and helped sustain its campaigns.

• Balkan PeninsulaRelated: Centuries of Ottoman rule influenced borders, settlement, and cultural identities across the peninsula.

• Circassian genocideRelated: It received large numbers of Circassian refugees expelled from the Caucasus.

• JizyaRelated: Ottoman authorities collected a poll tax from non-Muslims under changing names and regulations.

• LadinoRelated: Ottoman cities became major centers of Sephardic settlement and Ladino speech.

• Arab worldRelated: Its provinces shaped regional institutions before modern national borders emerged.

• MusketRelated: Ottoman armies adopted and adapted firearms early, influencing their wider military use.

• Second Saudi StateRelated: Ottoman influence shaped Egyptian campaigns and later political pressure in Arabia.

• Eastern MediterraneanRelated: Ottoman rule brought many eastern Mediterranean shores under one imperial system.

• Erich von FalkenhaynRelated: Falkenhayn’s later command was exercised in service of this empire.

• MassawaRelated: Ottoman forces took control of Massawa in the sixteenth century, beginning a long era of external rule.

• MoldaviaRelated: Ottoman suzerainty constrained Moldavian foreign policy for centuries.

• PodoliaRelated: Ottoman rule over Podolia from 1672 to 1699 left a distinct political and architectural legacy.

• SofiaRelated: Ottoman rule lasted in Sofia from the late fourteenth century until the nineteenth-century liberation.

• Sufi whirlingRelated: Ottoman patronage and institutions supported the Mevlevi order for centuries.

• Treaty of PassarowitzRelated: It ceded lands to the Habsburgs under the treaty’s terms.

• BithyniaRelated: Ottoman expansion absorbed Bithynia and established Bursa as an early imperial capital.

• JeddahRelated: Ottoman authorities governed Jeddah for centuries and fortified its coastal position.