Linked from

The 41 pages that link to Parthian Empire, each with the reason it gives.

• Achaemenid EmpireRelated: Parthian rulers later controlled many lands once governed by the Achaemenids.

• Sasanian EmpireNarrower topic: The Sasanians replaced the Parthian ruling house and inherited its western territories.

• Seleucid EmpireCompared with: Parthian expansion was the principal cause of the Seleucids’ loss of Iran and Mesopotamia.

• CavalryRelated: Parthian armies became renowned for mounted archery and armored cavalry.

• GandharaCompared with: Parthian power shaped western Asia while Gandhara’s political history centered on South and Central Asian empires.

• Greco-Bactrian KingdomRelated: Its contemporary rise reflects the same weakening of Seleucid control.

• Mounted archeryBroader topic: Parthian cavalry made the feigned retreat and backward shot famous.

• Roman client kingdomCompared with: Competition with Parthia made the allegiance of border kingdoms strategically consequential.

• Roman–Persian WarsNarrower topic: It was Rome's principal Persian rival before the Sasanians came to power.

• Battle of CarrhaeNarrower topic: Carrhae demonstrated Parthia's ability to defeat a major Roman expeditionary force.

• Septimius SeverusCompared with: Severus fought Parthia and captured its capital, extending Roman control into Mesopotamia.

• Feigned retreatRelated: Parthian cavalry made deceptive withdrawal and missile fire central to its reputation in war.

• Marcus Licinius CrassusRelated: Crassus invaded Parthian territory, turning Roman expansion eastward into a catastrophic defeat.

• Steppe warfareRelated: Parthian armies adapted mounted archery and heavy cavalry to imperial warfare.

• Roman siege warfareCompared with: Parthian forces tested Roman armies in campaigns where sieges and fortified cities shaped strategy.

• Severan dynastyCompared with: War against Parthia gave Severus military victories that enhanced his imperial standing.

• Roman–Parthian WarNarrower topic: Its power and competing claim to Armenia constrained Rome’s ability to dictate the outcome.

• CtesiphonNarrower topic: Ctesiphon became a principal royal center as Parthian power expanded westward.

• Arsacid dynastyBroader topic: It was the principal state governed by the Arsacid kings.

• Tigranes the GreatRelated: Parthian support helped Tigranes gain Armenia’s throne, before he challenged Parthian influence.

• Ardashir ICompared with: Ardashir’s victory over its last king ended Arsacid rule.

• Mithridates I of ParthiaNarrower topic: Mithridates’s campaigns established the empire’s reach across Iran and Mesopotamia.

• NisaNarrower topic: Nisa belonged to the empire's early political and cultural landscape.

• Ban ChaoRelated: Ban Chao’s diplomacy sought contact with Parthia beyond the Tarim Basin.

• Kermanshah ProvinceRelated: Its western territories included lands around Kermanshah and routes between Iran and Mesopotamia.

• Roman–Parthian War of 161–166Related: Its king Vologases IV initiated the conflict by intervening in Armenia.

• Seleucid eraRelated: Some Mesopotamian communities retained Seleucid-era dates under Parthian rule.

• SurenaNarrower topic: Surena’s power and military command arose within this empire.

• Arsaces I of ParthiaNarrower topic: It was the larger imperial state that grew from the kingdom Arsaces founded.

• History of IranBroader topic: The Parthians restored Iranian imperial power after Alexander’s conquest.

• Indo-Parthian KingdomNarrower topic: The Indo-Parthian ruling houses emerged from the wider Parthian political and cultural world.

• Mithridates II of ParthiaNarrower topic: Mithridates II strengthened this empire and extended its influence westward.

• Semnan ProvinceRelated: The province’s ancient settlements lay within territory shaped by Parthian rule.

• AtropateneRelated: Atropatene maintained close political ties with the Arsacid rulers.

• History of TurkmenistanRelated: Its capital at Nisa stood near modern Ashgabat.

• Indo-Scythian KingdomCompared with: Parthian power formed a neighboring political setting distinct from Saka rule in the northwest.

• Arg-e BamRelated: The citadel’s early history is associated with settlement in the Parthian period.

• Greater IranBroader topic: It linked Iranian political traditions with lands west of the Iranian plateau.

• BaqubahRelated: Parthian power shaped the wider eastern Iraqi region in antiquity.

• Hamadan ProvinceRelated: Parthian-era remains and traditions form another layer of the region’s ancient past.

• Phraates IVNarrower topic: Phraates’s domestic struggles and foreign policy shaped this empire’s position between Rome and the East.