Linked from

The 114 pages that link to Congress of Vienna, each with the reason it gives.

• French RevolutionRelated: European powers negotiated against the political transformations set in motion by the revolution and its wars.

• Napoleon BonaparteRelated: The powers sought to contain the upheavals and territorial changes Napoleon had produced.

• Napoleonic WarsRelated: Its settlement aimed to contain France and restore a balance among the great powers.

• ViennaRelated: The city hosted negotiations that redrew Europe’s political map.

• Partitions of PolandRelated: Its settlement redistributed former Polish lands without restoring the pre-partition Commonwealth.

• German ConfederationRelated: Its settlement created the Confederation as part of a broader restoration of European order.

• Kingdom of PrussiaRelated: It enlarged Prussia and established its leading position in the German Confederation.

• Austrian EmpireRelated: It restored Habsburg influence and helped define the empire's place in postwar Europe.

• RisorgimentoRelated: Its restoration of divided states and foreign influence shaped nationalist opposition.

• German unificationRelated: Its settlement restored a fragmented German political order that later nationalists challenged.

• DiplomacyRelated: It established a model of multilateral consultation among major European powers.

• Alexander I of RussiaRelated: Alexander pressed for a strong Polish settlement and a prominent Russian role.

• Nation-stateRelated: Its dynastic settlement contrasted with later demands for national self-government.

• Kingdom of FranceRelated: Its settlement restored the Bourbon monarchy while redefining France's place in Europe.

• Belgian RevolutionRelated: It joined the Southern Netherlands to the north as a barrier against France.

• Battle of WaterlooRelated: Its settlement was completed amid Napoleon's defeat and the end of his rule.

• German nationalismRelated: Its German Confederation preserved a loose political order rather than the unified nation nationalists sought.

• Bourbon RestorationRelated: Its diplomacy helped secure the Bourbon return and shape France’s postwar position.

• Treaty of TilsitRelated: Its settlement replaced the French-led political order strengthened at Tilsit.

• Italian nationalismRelated: Its restoration of fragmented Italian states helped fuel demands for national independence.

• Louis XVIIIRelated: The settlement supported the restoration of France’s Bourbon monarchy.

• Hundred DaysRelated: Its negotiations continued during the crisis and shaped the allied response.

• LegitimismRelated: Its conservative settlement treated dynastic legitimacy as a basis for political order.

• Treaty of Paris (1814)Related: The Paris treaty left major territorial questions for this broader negotiation.

• Battle of LeipzigRelated: The coalition victory helped make a post-Napoleonic settlement possible.

• Congress PolandRelated: Its settlement established the Polish kingdom and defined its relationship with Russia.

• GenoaRelated: Its settlement annexed the former Republic of Genoa to the Kingdom of Sardinia.

• Treaty of KielRelated: The treaty’s territorial settlement formed part of the post-Napoleonic reordering.

• Francis II, Holy Roman EmperorRelated: The settlement confirmed a post-imperial order in which Austria remained a leading power.

• German QuestionRelated: It established the German Confederation instead of a unified German nation-state.

• Kingdom of the Two SiciliesRelated: Its settlement restored Bourbon rule in southern Italy and set the stage for the kingdom’s creation.

• Dissolution of the Holy Roman EmpireRelated: Its settlement addressed the German political order left unsettled by the Empire’s end.

• Enlightened absolutismRelated: Its conservative settlement followed revolutionary upheaval that reforming monarchies had failed to contain.

• Treaty of PressburgRelated: Vienna reversed many Napoleonic arrangements that Pressburg had helped establish.

• Joachim MuratRelated: Its restoration of pre-Napoleonic rulers threatened Murat’s claim to Naples.

• CarbonariRelated: Its restoration of Austrian influence and pre-Napoleonic rulers helped create the opposition the Carbonari organized.

• First French EmpireRelated: Its settlement reversed many imperial gains and sought a durable balance of power.

• United Kingdom of the NetherlandsRelated: Its settlement created the kingdom as a barrier against renewed French expansion.

• PomeraniaRelated: Its settlements transferred Swedish Pomerania to Prussia and fixed a new regional order.

• Gebhard Leberecht von BlücherRelated: Blücher’s victories helped secure Prussia’s position among the powers shaping the postwar order.

• United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the AlgarvesRelated: Portugal elevated Brazil during the diplomatic settlement that followed the Napoleonic Wars.

• War of the Sixth CoalitionRelated: The allies translated victory into new borders and a European balance of power.

• Napoleonic eraRelated: Its settlement reshaped the continent as Napoleon’s rule ended.

• Regency eraRelated: Its settlement framed Britain’s position at the Regency’s close.

• Treaty of Paris (1815)Related: The treaty’s territorial settlement complemented the broader reordering negotiated there.

• Francis I of AustriaRelated: Francis’s monarchy gained influence from the settlement negotiated by Metternich.

• Pope Pius VIIRelated: Pius VII’s representatives secured the return of most Papal States at this settlement.

• RealpolitikRelated: Its balance-of-power settlement offers an earlier model of pragmatic great-power diplomacy.

• Treaty of SchönbrunnRelated: Its settlement reversed many territorial changes imposed on Austria at Schönbrunn.

• Unification of ItalyRelated: Its settlement divided Italy among states and strengthened Austrian influence, conditions nationalists sought to overturn.